tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51443722024-03-16T12:33:09.814-05:00Landscape Plotted and Pieced<center>...to make our lives an art...</center>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.comBlogger942125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-28615700928472976712024-01-26T21:37:00.000-06:002024-01-26T21:37:33.948-06:00Spoilers!<p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRaB2KIBYXON_IYzUgcIBg2_i5PbasMZxFRrDTFrAprMi-vxkCBLPWehUi86LhHO3PtekIyJhSZTPGkVuLSNMNkBFW1NwdMchzB3b-dIL1Bm8PlNTg4DFMaFxJyvwGCGXkAmjQQlmsHDHFkEnsAMZBdMybMlQQgNKgwEtJLep59MJrvA6auCrQCQ/s1512/Canterbury%20Tales%20Prologue.%20Ellesmere%20Manuscript.%20crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="528" data-original-width="1512" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRaB2KIBYXON_IYzUgcIBg2_i5PbasMZxFRrDTFrAprMi-vxkCBLPWehUi86LhHO3PtekIyJhSZTPGkVuLSNMNkBFW1NwdMchzB3b-dIL1Bm8PlNTg4DFMaFxJyvwGCGXkAmjQQlmsHDHFkEnsAMZBdMybMlQQgNKgwEtJLep59MJrvA6auCrQCQ/w640-h224/Canterbury%20Tales%20Prologue.%20Ellesmere%20Manuscript.%20crop.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Canterbury Tales Prologue<br />ca. 1400-1410, mssEL 26 C 9, <a href="https://hdl.huntington.org/digital/collection/p15150coll7/id/2367" target="_blank">Huntington Digital Library</a><br /></td></tr></tbody></table> Last spring I had planned to take a class on Chaucer at my local college but that didn't work out for a number of reasons. To soothe my disappointment I've been reading some of his poetry as well as various things <i>about</i> Chaucer and his poetry. Today I was listening to a lecture by Seth Lerer and he mentioned something I've never heard before about medieval reading habits. He said that people used to pick up a book they were about to read with the left hand, then open the back cover with the right hand and read the last few lines there. Then they'd flip to the front of the book and start reading from the beginning.</p><p>In an age when a large part of story-telling was retelling older stories, no one worried about spoilers. Homer and Virgil both begin their epics by telling the reader how the story is going to end. </p><p>Knowing this habit, medieval authors were fairly deliberate about the final lines of their stories, which makes for some interesting features. The last lines of <i>The Canterbury Tales</i> are this inscription:</p><p style="text-align: center;">HERE IS ENDED THE BOOK OF THE TALES OF CAUNTERBURY<br />COMPILED BY GEFFREY CHAUCER,<br />OF WHOS SOULE JHESU CRIST HAVE MERCY,<br />AMEN.</p><p>The reader would then flip to the front and begin reading the Prologue. <br /></p><p>Curious, I flipped through some of my older books to remind myself how they ended. Most of them let you know what kind of story you'll be reading, whether it has a happy or sad ending. A few allude to the beginning of the story.</p><p>One that caught my attention was the ending of Ludovico Ariosto's <i>Orlando Furioso</i>:</p><p>And lifting his victorious hand on hie,<br /> In that Turks face he stabd his dagger twise<br /> Up to the hilts, and quickly made him die,<br /> And rid himselfe of trouble in a trice:<br /> Downe to the lake, where damned ghosts do lie,<br /> Sunke his disdainfull soule, now cold as Ise,<br /> Blaspheming as it went, and cursing lowd,<br /> That was on earth so loftie and so proud. <br />(tr. Sir John Harington)</p><p>This is almost exactly the way <i>The Aeneid</i> ends:</p><p>In the same breath, blazing with wrath he plants<br />his iron sword hilt-deep in his enemy's heart.<br />Turnus' limbs went limp in the chill of death.<br />His life breath fled with a groan of outrage<br />down to the shades below.<br />(tr. Robert Fagles)</p><p>Which brings me back to my earlier point about there being no spoilers in ancient and medieval literature. </p><p>And even if a reader didn't look at the end before beginning, each book of <i>Orlando Furioso</i> opens with an "Argument," a few lines that tell the reader what will happen in that book. </p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-46119692217051899662023-12-30T12:44:00.002-06:002024-01-19T13:57:19.163-06:00From the archives: How to make a paper snowflake<p>[A version of this post was <a href="https://badgermum.blogspot.com/2014/12/tutorial-how-to-fold-paper-to-make.html" target="_blank">first published December 17, 2014</a>]</p><p>These photographs were taken by a man named <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson_Bentley">Wilson Bentley</a>,
who was born in 1865. He took his first photo of a snowflake in 1885
and went on to take over 5000 more before his death in 1931.<br />
<br />
</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS46o-mLaAYtDn2dlKIZBvrKLRqtA6aASGnVT3t6pjZB3TRNTa7gYrlz0wO-M4zhaJ2os0Lke0Ozp49cIk8a2-NsWrvGNMYerGSEt1JHwKSsgw7gUi4Dm_x-gN319BCD7WGUGsrg/s1600/Real+snowflakes.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS46o-mLaAYtDn2dlKIZBvrKLRqtA6aASGnVT3t6pjZB3TRNTa7gYrlz0wO-M4zhaJ2os0Lke0Ozp49cIk8a2-NsWrvGNMYerGSEt1JHwKSsgw7gUi4Dm_x-gN319BCD7WGUGsrg/s1600/Real+snowflakes.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Images via Wikipedia</td></tr>
</tbody></table><p>
<br />
As you can see, real snowflakes have six points and so do the best paper snowflakes. </p><p> </p><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqCU_RXrO_0q45_F7cAs74VC9f-YVkpGNtPuMzBSCDwo9nN1u-G_U6YK1sVeV7VwXPcyn9LNkecAl0fta1B-OMHgu7ZhpOidTTT93Bisdgur2SASchVCuhwkEAikGH9tnn8l_LycSWLf5mrR4v4NHf9KQ-VSAwi_YDKte4dej1IEPG_y3DyUjC5w/s2048/Snowflakes.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqCU_RXrO_0q45_F7cAs74VC9f-YVkpGNtPuMzBSCDwo9nN1u-G_U6YK1sVeV7VwXPcyn9LNkecAl0fta1B-OMHgu7ZhpOidTTT93Bisdgur2SASchVCuhwkEAikGH9tnn8l_LycSWLf5mrR4v4NHf9KQ-VSAwi_YDKte4dej1IEPG_y3DyUjC5w/w400-h300/Snowflakes.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mostly made by Violin Daughter<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </p><p>Making snowflakes out
of paper is a great activity, but it's pretty hard to manage six points.<br />
<br />
<br />
</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3DVD2RygZJfhgwef9ZUS0AtrJmOSaWl1LPYyUkMja55HzHLyQbB9x7BoFGUOIyRjcuvOiQuiRpSPT5AFIdjp0a03uGRi-OzfrRI-MwjWk3Q02diWJCNhUPcRnLP-_GFlFBj0jbg/s1600/SAM_3232.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3DVD2RygZJfhgwef9ZUS0AtrJmOSaWl1LPYyUkMja55HzHLyQbB9x7BoFGUOIyRjcuvOiQuiRpSPT5AFIdjp0a03uGRi-OzfrRI-MwjWk3Q02diWJCNhUPcRnLP-_GFlFBj0jbg/s1600/SAM_3232.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is a doily, not a snowflake.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitZjT8GPNORgaPQQM8HCcvcxx6Uft85kRAB3GvSGVqoihDQKrZJPI5PXGaGur97VJ1owrc_OFg6xJIx-2wffLZd2hZMCghwnKo3YCwkxHJpp5hGHjW0WVO_OGGNy3S4RuWWS8EMA/s1600/SAM_3230.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitZjT8GPNORgaPQQM8HCcvcxx6Uft85kRAB3GvSGVqoihDQKrZJPI5PXGaGur97VJ1owrc_OFg6xJIx-2wffLZd2hZMCghwnKo3YCwkxHJpp5hGHjW0WVO_OGGNy3S4RuWWS8EMA/s1600/SAM_3230.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is pretty in its way, but it's not a snowflake.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
To make a six-sided flake, you have to start with a six-sided piece of
paper. Getting there is kind of tricky, so I'm going to show you the
way my daddy taught me do it.<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE17nAdoNkXcftoBqcy-FULr2N7bhYb_S2mPahKpmgL32xBO6CJQa6d4wPQSxzQK8ljb4sAnxciJpMN5HTAVKIeRKMCfOgAY6x-YNaMyJnBVatM0pvlBTwlmLO_VE-byLikz8ygA/s1600/future+snowflake.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE17nAdoNkXcftoBqcy-FULr2N7bhYb_S2mPahKpmgL32xBO6CJQa6d4wPQSxzQK8ljb4sAnxciJpMN5HTAVKIeRKMCfOgAY6x-YNaMyJnBVatM0pvlBTwlmLO_VE-byLikz8ygA/s1600/future+snowflake.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This isn't a snowflake yet, but it will be.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div><p>
<br />
</p><p>
Read the instructions below:<br />
</p><span><a name='more'></a></span><p><br />
<br />
<b>First, you need a square piece of paper.</b><br />
</p><ul><li>Fold the short edge of the paper diagonally across to the long edge, forming a right triangle. </li><li>Cut off the part that extends past the triangle.</li><li>[I do this by folding the extra part and then cutting along the line.]</li></ul>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsRje0n6Q_nhU5-a8TSo_e7Mg4bbD94VH7NGqSMWfnXkBI4UlQ-vI_LTE3oKSCn3Kl2ZUZMafzRjNU0ktvNfp-lCnln6hXd7PImbIwYtWhdhAxxDXldfgoQGpK86VN0_P_pZjH_w/s1600/Making+a+square.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsRje0n6Q_nhU5-a8TSo_e7Mg4bbD94VH7NGqSMWfnXkBI4UlQ-vI_LTE3oKSCn3Kl2ZUZMafzRjNU0ktvNfp-lCnln6hXd7PImbIwYtWhdhAxxDXldfgoQGpK86VN0_P_pZjH_w/s1600/Making+a+square.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fold, fold, open and cut.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Make your hexagon.</b></span><br />
<br />
<b>First fold:</b> Fold the square in half, making a rectangle.<br />
<br />
<b>Second fold:</b> The second fold begins about 5/8" to the left of the center of the folded edge.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizDHEM6g5IrKijS5Mx4Nwk-3imySGkKr8uSHvyWAwEsMQe56NDoPdqoLPkGBMg_YLWBHW-goTg6AGdTQAhYKpVRq9FEvgU-aeM4QZRrhRXAXgK8ZN_7aI36fy-5mMLVHkedTkKjQ/s1600/folded+page.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizDHEM6g5IrKijS5Mx4Nwk-3imySGkKr8uSHvyWAwEsMQe56NDoPdqoLPkGBMg_YLWBHW-goTg6AGdTQAhYKpVRq9FEvgU-aeM4QZRrhRXAXgK8ZN_7aI36fy-5mMLVHkedTkKjQ/s1600/folded+page.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
Take the upper right corner and fold it at the left-of-center
mark,making sure that the corner touches the bottom edge of the paper.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjarIz0tl-QNfXYUMCufQZkW8RM6ZsNRWxF-m146Kr7oY4s90RaRSONmzPRfxuolOFjXEZf_JVK_hhfgMisPVMB3Aex4RF7HmKI1Wp8x29dq7BPxykSGpGKci00gW6_3wUd6p_azQ/s1600/2nd+fold.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjarIz0tl-QNfXYUMCufQZkW8RM6ZsNRWxF-m146Kr7oY4s90RaRSONmzPRfxuolOFjXEZf_JVK_hhfgMisPVMB3Aex4RF7HmKI1Wp8x29dq7BPxykSGpGKci00gW6_3wUd6p_azQ/s1600/2nd+fold.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<b>Third fold:</b> Take the left side of the paper, and fold it across to the other side,<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQGWoKmRNA3zXqqTNPB4Et2dpwQQ4aY7g5fxXyFnYlV-W-r5RlhkIH875440qFsduPvMjJmFaWxIF2HKKgJteJYJ-5DBSr8Wif-5gHhvjUKR3b1y1gXlIY2gS2qUbRfcyODt8wtg/s1600/3rd+fold.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQGWoKmRNA3zXqqTNPB4Et2dpwQQ4aY7g5fxXyFnYlV-W-r5RlhkIH875440qFsduPvMjJmFaWxIF2HKKgJteJYJ-5DBSr8Wif-5gHhvjUKR3b1y1gXlIY2gS2qUbRfcyODt8wtg/s1600/3rd+fold.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
so it looks like this:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3HkO1B08kMBwCGDBdzm8YxlodYamp7TvFRx-4Iab_8QilEauVKmGtAw0FeeIwizwpRnrX-MdPs5-IA42GAZTfSQ0Mz20clCrYoTPJ6NVRdX8ltJ_VZSmlDZ-BSQPJIvxG_CVrCA/s1600/3rd+fold+complete.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3HkO1B08kMBwCGDBdzm8YxlodYamp7TvFRx-4Iab_8QilEauVKmGtAw0FeeIwizwpRnrX-MdPs5-IA42GAZTfSQ0Mz20clCrYoTPJ6NVRdX8ltJ_VZSmlDZ-BSQPJIvxG_CVrCA/s1600/3rd+fold+complete.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<b>Fourth fold:</b> Fold paper in half.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiunLndJKCVx5L_jSWIVom7EcW7HkAiN0V3n2IcR47SD2YnNjABohyphenhyphenryd6e4JxgpBCn9Qf_P5VXUZD_9JYx1b4FWUAfIEP7Mbtsr1KhAApkk0-nskrT3ol4D2Mvj1Mi5oDrnXFJZA/s1600/4th+fold.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiunLndJKCVx5L_jSWIVom7EcW7HkAiN0V3n2IcR47SD2YnNjABohyphenhyphenryd6e4JxgpBCn9Qf_P5VXUZD_9JYx1b4FWUAfIEP7Mbtsr1KhAApkk0-nskrT3ol4D2Mvj1Mi5oDrnXFJZA/s1600/4th+fold.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Now you have to cut off all those weird corners sticking out of the end
so it will have the right shape. Turn it over so that the folded edge
is down and the point is to the left, like this:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNUreHKjSIiKFrNQFvsE0MfzyLT2I-CMIkTief0tmAmBozEtOzDDj3AWPKoh0UfKcXI8ZVcQz1wFgP1yF56PDKXkr-DkLSRzBKJN-ZcpBl47TpYt5YJ_4X8_nUbRF7smQYWOHkPQ/s1600/SAM_3207.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNUreHKjSIiKFrNQFvsE0MfzyLT2I-CMIkTief0tmAmBozEtOzDDj3AWPKoh0UfKcXI8ZVcQz1wFgP1yF56PDKXkr-DkLSRzBKJN-ZcpBl47TpYt5YJ_4X8_nUbRF7smQYWOHkPQ/s1600/SAM_3207.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
and cut it along this line: <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1D0iqhhrn6HhFAvXWijF0J0Brjy6V5LMul1GivFtK1odQMeLWIQpnX2D7zr-WxosvEoJXeD571qx_Sbn7urRMelmhtLnWadYxKiJyPLew1Yzn0JBXfqq9og8gCkKvfzeWaAT2Bg/s1600/SAM_3211.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1D0iqhhrn6HhFAvXWijF0J0Brjy6V5LMul1GivFtK1odQMeLWIQpnX2D7zr-WxosvEoJXeD571qx_Sbn7urRMelmhtLnWadYxKiJyPLew1Yzn0JBXfqq9og8gCkKvfzeWaAT2Bg/s1600/SAM_3211.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
If you open it up, it should look like this:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2m2IKQHw060Zklhvc8Yc60Lx9EhChACUSoy7hFClH_p9hpcG5A0Gt4a5lVD7Y3vZGLuzNfEDMshw_DsavEDbwHyQTK86lV9zfGpIQbzhRSfoq0prafDWLOQMiipFLr96lYZFSkA/s1600/future+snowflake.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2m2IKQHw060Zklhvc8Yc60Lx9EhChACUSoy7hFClH_p9hpcG5A0Gt4a5lVD7Y3vZGLuzNfEDMshw_DsavEDbwHyQTK86lV9zfGpIQbzhRSfoq0prafDWLOQMiipFLr96lYZFSkA/s1600/future+snowflake.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Now, fold it back up and again and cut the edges to make your snowflake.
Just be sure NOT to cut off the point. A real snowflake is formed
around a grain of pollen or a speck of dust, so it always has a solid
center.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
If you cut it like this<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4QRkKm9-lF8XAzHb9-MwDB17W823t9Wu2m87g4gAHbs61BztipyJc1SywpxeGuE-gl0dkYKgkEgDhVhdtrgEyIOhrU0QogTxs7mplHMFx6AMKF8yFo7I8ZPI4jMnkE-UhVwE-SA/s1600/SAM_3245.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="353" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4QRkKm9-lF8XAzHb9-MwDB17W823t9Wu2m87g4gAHbs61BztipyJc1SywpxeGuE-gl0dkYKgkEgDhVhdtrgEyIOhrU0QogTxs7mplHMFx6AMKF8yFo7I8ZPI4jMnkE-UhVwE-SA/s1600/SAM_3245.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
you'll get this shape.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhijO4gZlEMSvTvYqMvcoHVnAPa9YTdHZMFe2t70I14VYstSFkQxTLjCRYThkbO6kloPm0OyUlZVNTM1YYYmb1kkZ139gE5TB8eUvBLrPYjp4rne4EB6QNbzH1ez4goBHz3am0sig/s1600/Correct+snowflake.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="361" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhijO4gZlEMSvTvYqMvcoHVnAPa9YTdHZMFe2t70I14VYstSFkQxTLjCRYThkbO6kloPm0OyUlZVNTM1YYYmb1kkZ139gE5TB8eUvBLrPYjp4rne4EB6QNbzH1ez4goBHz3am0sig/s1600/Correct+snowflake.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Cutting it like this<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy-g8_tCKfmBBQoZ9tHQcxVK0g_GndW9o0DPNXSJWYtThsiZ_0Z0irUCKpSzlHC8I-EpV48wQM9xEIdPBR4gKwZk4aAteiN4q4y97bf9KBi1iVCbq6zWx0sjxyf0OioCWoOq-6SA/s1600/SAM_3241.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy-g8_tCKfmBBQoZ9tHQcxVK0g_GndW9o0DPNXSJWYtThsiZ_0Z0irUCKpSzlHC8I-EpV48wQM9xEIdPBR4gKwZk4aAteiN4q4y97bf9KBi1iVCbq6zWx0sjxyf0OioCWoOq-6SA/s1600/SAM_3241.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
will make this shape,<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCfRZIvsuhB-9nblTmSFfu9wE2_TQhG32s9cOjIl1HOahad7SZ6yPKyHRgqWQ3nPbz1YCXB1pdNFy0rmCkWOGhOgRGO2GhHL6_IA51q-afcw-aE2jz1xWUrudnYaNo0pn1X8kj0A/s1600/SAM_3247.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCfRZIvsuhB-9nblTmSFfu9wE2_TQhG32s9cOjIl1HOahad7SZ6yPKyHRgqWQ3nPbz1YCXB1pdNFy0rmCkWOGhOgRGO2GhHL6_IA51q-afcw-aE2jz1xWUrudnYaNo0pn1X8kj0A/s1600/SAM_3247.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><p>
<br />
which isn't a scientifically accurate snowflake, but it's pretty and it DOES have six points. Also it's quick and easy.<br />
<br />
<br />
Have fun!</p><p><br />
</p><p><br />
</p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-13130352362191825012023-12-04T13:13:00.000-06:002023-12-04T13:13:09.981-06:00Grammar speaks<p> "I have four parts: letters, literature, the man of letters, and literary style. Letters are what I teach, literature is I who teach, the man of letters is the person whom I have taught, and literary style is the skill of a person whom I form. I claim to speak also about the nature and practice of poetry. Nature is that from which speech is formed. Practice occurs when we put that material into use. To these we add the matter, so as to know what we must talk about. Speech itself is taught in three steps; that is, from letters [i.e. phonemes, the basic units of sound in a particular language], syllables, and words."<br />~Grammar, explaining her profession and field of study in <i>The Marriage of Philology and Mercury</i>, by Martianus Capella (fl. A.D. 410-420)<br /></p><p><br /></p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-68644668785197446852023-11-24T16:00:00.000-06:002023-11-24T16:00:54.446-06:00"... angry passion yields to wisdom and Ares stands in awe of the Muses"<p> "Not only during peacetime but also in war, the Gauls obey with great care these Druids and singing poets, both friend and enemy alike. Often when the two armies have come together with swords drawn these men have stepped between the battle-lines and stopped the conflict, as if they held wild animals spell-bound. Thus even among the most brutal barbarians angry passion yields to wisdom and Ares stands in awe of the Muses."</p><p>~ Diodorus Siculus (fl. c. 60-c. 30 BC)<br /><i>Bibliotheca Historica</i>, Book V.31<br /></p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-13032388935537416462023-11-21T11:17:00.002-06:002023-11-21T11:49:49.577-06:00Formative influences: Books<p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsxO623ImKzBmIkLhqhMQxXqMow3dJBGJH73QD-KOT2UfSL9v0fYoEDre975AhyA7vG94VT3-4hwruA3r4kPYlTb5sZ7hgrGc0ZGyRlECel6Q6ju4iJ9SG0s0oEdEDLeu75H0M9FLOYfbIOrRdzycqTo4DP2OLWrfDKgS7c98XOaUVDc9cG1vAug/s2048/Lewis%20inspired%20reading.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="840" data-original-width="2048" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsxO623ImKzBmIkLhqhMQxXqMow3dJBGJH73QD-KOT2UfSL9v0fYoEDre975AhyA7vG94VT3-4hwruA3r4kPYlTb5sZ7hgrGc0ZGyRlECel6Q6ju4iJ9SG0s0oEdEDLeu75H0M9FLOYfbIOrRdzycqTo4DP2OLWrfDKgS7c98XOaUVDc9cG1vAug/w640-h262/Lewis%20inspired%20reading.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Some Lewis-inspired reading<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <p></p><p>Last week a group of my internet friends and I were talking about books that had a formative influence on us so I thought I’d rework it into a blog post. These books are a few of the earliest influences that are still with me, in roughly chronological order of reading.<br /><br />1. The big, gorgeously illustrated book of fairy tales from around the world, which was part of my steady reading diet for most of the first decade of my life. There are a couple I first met in that book that I still enjoy reading – they’re both in Andrew Lang’s books. <a href="https://sacred-texts.com/neu/lfb/li/lifb22.htm" target="_blank">“The Bones of Djulung”</a> is a Polynesian tale that’s in the <i>Lilac Fairy Book</i>, and <a href="https://sacred-texts.com/neu/lfb/br/brfb08.htm" target="_blank">“The Song of the Yara”</a> is a Brazilian tale found in the <i>Brown Fairy Book</i> (Lang calls it “The Story of the Yara,” but I’m pretty sure my book called it a song). I’ve long since lost this book, but boy I wish I could find another copy of it! It was big and orange and had a paisley pattern on it, and it’s probably why orange was my favorite color as a child and I still love paisley. <br /><br />2. An illustrated edition of King Arthur stories. I didn’t read it as much as the fairy tale book, but it was one of my early favorites and led me to read lots more of the same kind of thing. This book and the big fairy tale book were on the bookshelf in my room in my earliest memories. I have a feeling that these two books and the others were put there at the same time as the crib, changing table, and rocking chair. The fairy tales and King Arthur stories really shaped my taste in story, and to this day the stories I love best are the Romances, the stories that have a fairy tale shape.<br /><br />3. <i>Mere Christianity</i>, which I first read when I was 15 or 16 years old. I grew up Baptist, and that meant that I was very familiar with the Bible, but I’d never had anything remotely resembling a systematic theology taught to me. Not that MC is exactly that, but it was the first clear, logical explanation of key elements of the Faith that I’d ever come across and it was like drinking water from a clear mountain spring. After reading that I searched out more of Lewis’s non-fiction and I feel like he’s been my spiritual father ever since then. I like to call him Saint Jack. :-D<br /><br />4. <i>Surprised by Joy</i>, which I first read about a year after <i>Mere Christianity</i>. This is when I discovered that Lewis was a kindred spirit, and I’ve spent most of the rest of my intellectual life alternating between wanting to read everything he wrote and wanting to read everything he read. The former might be possible, but the latter never will. My interest in the last few years has been reading things he talks about in <i>The Discarded Image</i>, which is why I’m now reading Martianus Capella, as I mentioned in my last post. It was Lewis’s love of <i>The Faerie Queene</i> that first led me to read it, and you can see how the foundation for my own love of it was laid in my childhood. <a href="https://badgermum.blogspot.com/search/label/Faerie%20Queene" target="_blank">I’ve written so much about FQ here that it has its own tag</a>. <br /><br />5. <i>Our Marvelous Native Tongue: The Life and Times of the English Language</i>, by Robert Claiborne. My mom bought this for me when I was 17 or 18 because I was already a word-nerd but I had no idea that there could be a biography of a language. It expanded my word-nerdery into love of languages and how they work. Even though I haven’t had many opportunities to study that kind of thing it’s always on my radar, even to this day (<a href="https://badgermum.blogspot.com/2023/11/word-nerd-fun-galaxy.html" target="_blank">hence this post last week on the life of the word <i>galaxy</i></a>). Mike has memories from early in our acquaintance (I was 19 when we met) of me talking about this book a lot and he says that one time brought it with me to some singles group activity. I don’t remember any of that specifically, but I’ve been taking books to social evens since I was a child. Being a grown up I try not to do that anymore. :-D<br /> </p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-62834661146286457982023-11-16T21:09:00.000-06:002023-11-16T21:09:10.869-06:00Word-nerd fun: Galaxy<span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW8prcNO6TXQvnljGUz6fr9T3Ub4Ta7oQXmKOtGh-IX052S_8w6UITBguG-JBbFRSlGR2I00w3TV2EQ8NYgt7BgEh9HTKxUhzLNvndtoz5H3raOp2r4av480bAuBiJM5aNTtEDhkbVTBp0ygtO_zXPmCvDZShPTQW0Ktg0_SrKhGnJ74FZUbGGuA/s2048/Milky%20Way.%202023%20November%2010.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1542" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW8prcNO6TXQvnljGUz6fr9T3Ub4Ta7oQXmKOtGh-IX052S_8w6UITBguG-JBbFRSlGR2I00w3TV2EQ8NYgt7BgEh9HTKxUhzLNvndtoz5H3raOp2r4av480bAuBiJM5aNTtEDhkbVTBp0ygtO_zXPmCvDZShPTQW0Ktg0_SrKhGnJ74FZUbGGuA/w301-h400/Milky%20Way.%202023%20November%2010.jpeg" width="301" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo of the Milky Way<br />taken by my son John<br />10 November 2023<br /></td></tr></tbody></table>Yesterday
I was reading Chaucer’s delightful <i>Parliament of Fouls</i>. Early on, the narrator
says he fell asleep reading Cicero’s “Dream of Scipio,” and he retells the
story for the reader. In the dream, Scipio meets his grandfather who “showed
him the Galaxy.” </span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Then
today I was reading <i>The Marriage of Philology and Mercury</i>, a 5th century Latin
work by Martianus Capella. In Book II, Philology is ascending through the
heavenly spheres on her way to the wedding. When she reaches the upper limits
of the cosmos, the narrator says, “The incandescence of a milk-white river
gradually flowed down from the burning stars. Full of joy and thanksgiving she
turned toward the Galaxy where she knew that Jove had assembled the divine
senate.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I
wondered whether the word “galaxy” was used in the original Latin so I looked
it up and sure enough it says, “iter in Galaxeum flectit.” <i>Galaxias</i> is itself a
borrowing from Greek.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
story behind the word <i>galaxy</i> is a fun one, so I thought I’d share it.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Prior to
modern astronomy, Galaxy simply meant the Milky Way, γάλα [gala] being the
Greek word for milk. The story is that after Zeus’s son Heracles was born to
the mortal woman Alcmene, Zeus waited till his wife, Hera, was asleep and put
the newborn to nurse from her so he could partake of the divine quality of her
milk and become divine himself. When Hera woke up and found she was nursing a
strange infant, she thrust him away causing milk to spurt from her out into the
heavens, and that’s the origin of the Milky Way. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">If you study
the word “galactic,” you’ll see “lac” in the middle of it. This is because the
Latin root <i>lac</i>, milk, seems to have come from an earlier word which has been
reconstructed as either <b>*g(a)lag-</b> or <b>*g(a)lakt-</b>. In English, we get from this
root <i>lactate</i>, <i>latte</i>, and even <i>lettuce</i>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Our word
<i>milk</i> comes from the Indo-European root <b>melg-</b> which is a verb and means “to rub
off,” and also “to milk.” It’s related to the word <i>emulsion</i> which comes from
the Latin <i>emulgeo</i>, “to milk out.” In English, the verb <i>milk</i> seems to predate
the noun <i>milk</i>. It’s been used from the beginning to refer specifically to human
or animal milk. Incidentally, mammals and the mammary glands are named after
<i>mamma</i>, which means mother in English, but it means breast in Latin. They both
come from the same root, <b>ma-</b>, which means mother, and gives us the Greek <i>Maia</i> (good
mother) and also <i>maieutic</i>, which means to act as a midwife, and is the word
17th century philosophers used to describe the Socratic method. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Old
English language also used the word <i>milk</i> to refer to the milky juice you can
get from a plant. The 2nd century text <i>Herbarium</i> by Pseudo-Apuleius describes
getting milk from <i>wyrte/wort</i>, meaning from a plant (think of the “wort” in St.
John’s Wort). “Almond milk” has been used since at least the 1300s, so keep
this in mind next time one of your friends scoffs at people talking about
almond milk, and insists that milk can only properly refer to that which is
produced by the mammary glands. :-D</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">* In
linguistics, the asterisk before a word means that the word can’t be found
written anywhere, so scholars have made an educated guess about what it
probably was.</span></p>
Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-54788783974123324132023-08-15T13:57:00.003-05:002024-01-19T23:44:36.072-06:00Of knights and snails<p>One the funnest parts of looking at medieval art is running across an illustration of a knight fighting a snail. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji8t7bpp73J0yOD_uJuxcrRJOmFrsNdKMhS49EzygA0DtYDK1vvwoUMOpUmyrToWE0CF5Y9jCk7cK3PRru4409hA_Oy0Iws0TetZTT0lw7_JHcDv6IJmHKd00LBMm7ELnSUVqjcIsdJkPfOJIWNe2MeBpIYGmGkpAjl1qBkqNkJylKriMpV3CMtQ/s900/A%20knight%20versus%20snail%20fight%20from%20the%20Smithfield%20Decretals%20(%20c.1300-1340).%20Courtesy%20of%20the%20British%20Library.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji8t7bpp73J0yOD_uJuxcrRJOmFrsNdKMhS49EzygA0DtYDK1vvwoUMOpUmyrToWE0CF5Y9jCk7cK3PRru4409hA_Oy0Iws0TetZTT0lw7_JHcDv6IJmHKd00LBMm7ELnSUVqjcIsdJkPfOJIWNe2MeBpIYGmGkpAjl1qBkqNkJylKriMpV3CMtQ/w640-h426/A%20knight%20versus%20snail%20fight%20from%20the%20Smithfield%20Decretals%20(%20c.1300-1340).%20Courtesy%20of%20the%20British%20Library.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>There are <a href="https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2013/09/knight-v-snail.html" target="_blank">many theories as to what these snails are doing in the art</a>, but not a one of them matches my own, which I came up with this year while reading through the Psalms with my family. Take a look at this:</p><p style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><b>Psalm 58</b></p><p style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">1 Do ye indeed speak righteousness, O congregation? do ye judge uprightly, O ye sons of men?<br />2 Yea, in heart ye work wickedness; ye weigh the violence of your hands in the earth.<br />3 The wicked are estranged from the womb: they go astray as soon as they be born, speaking lies.<br />4 Their poison is like the poison of a serpent: they are like the deaf adder that stoppeth her ear;<br />5 Which will not hearken to the voice of charmers, charming never so wisely.<br />6 Break their teeth, O God, in their mouth: break out the great teeth of the young lions, O Lord.<br />7 Let them melt away as waters which run continually: when he bendeth his bow to shoot his arrows, let them be as cut in pieces.<br />8 As a snail which melteth, let every one of them pass away: like the untimely birth of a woman, that they may not see the sun.<br />9 Before your pots can feel the thorns, he shall take them away as with a whirlwind, both living, and in his wrath.<br />10 The righteous shall rejoice when he seeth the vengeance: he shall wash his feet in the blood of the wicked.<br />11 So that a man shall say, Verily there is a reward for the righteous: verily he is a God that judgeth in the earth.</p><p> </p><p>The psalmist is describing how ferocious and dangerous the enemies of God appear, but then in verse 8 he says, "As a snail which melteth, let every one of them pass away."</p><p>In other words, they appear unconquerable, but they really aren't. </p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1QhT3W_kjsdWaGHMKQ2smb8FjXUHvn0tOY5YFeCIaGunLikU54t3iNk67YwSriKFIS-9S0Khhj0ve17JzTpzTargOKSHi6rsKKuqbuA27VfFxRZ-yGCki4ApxfYU3MB0lt5LsKzbnb4Lc7VTCHC7DYHUZpStchHYQvSiaCSP9YjJ5zJPcSE5Ysw/s900/The%20gastropod%20conqueror%20from%20the%20Gorleston%20Psalter,%201310-1324.%20Courtesy%20of%20the%20British%20Library.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1QhT3W_kjsdWaGHMKQ2smb8FjXUHvn0tOY5YFeCIaGunLikU54t3iNk67YwSriKFIS-9S0Khhj0ve17JzTpzTargOKSHi6rsKKuqbuA27VfFxRZ-yGCki4ApxfYU3MB0lt5LsKzbnb4Lc7VTCHC7DYHUZpStchHYQvSiaCSP9YjJ5zJPcSE5Ysw/w640-h426/The%20gastropod%20conqueror%20from%20the%20Gorleston%20Psalter,%201310-1324.%20Courtesy%20of%20the%20British%20Library.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p>The popular idea about this image is that the knight has given up and is begging mercy of the victorious snail, but I believe he has recognized that this is spiritual warfare, so he has laid down his sword and is praying to God for deliverance.</p><p>What's your favorite theory?<br /></p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-48636058407404933932023-03-01T12:03:00.000-06:002023-03-01T12:03:43.712-06:00Recommended editions of Spenser’s Faerie Queene<p></p><p>This is the third post in a series. <br /></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Part 1: <a href="https://badgermum.blogspot.com/2023/02/how-to-read-faerie-queene-or-you-are.html" target="_blank">“How to read The Faerie Queene”</a> </li><li>Part 2: <a href="https://badgermum.blogspot.com/2023/02/strategies-for-reading-spensers-faerie.html" target="_blank">“Strategies for reading Spenser’s Faerie Queene”</a> </li></ul><p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEGZ0-XUoO5615YuzlpxhNVkcvWqGBaiNDVXJCtubAXvezPHx3hn0RQjbUt3siTsYoPl1XyCWTxubuUsq9-wZXtWoyJcICjRM6KCTvNS4zgdWHK7uPApVbGVsey1BT1RlyaPftOWK-kKzz-yuro-oUNNa-_YWIvunVNyRr0f3mYbli0EmXOJI/s2048/Faerie%20Queene%20shelves.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1910" data-original-width="2048" height="329" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEGZ0-XUoO5615YuzlpxhNVkcvWqGBaiNDVXJCtubAXvezPHx3hn0RQjbUt3siTsYoPl1XyCWTxubuUsq9-wZXtWoyJcICjRM6KCTvNS4zgdWHK7uPApVbGVsey1BT1RlyaPftOWK-kKzz-yuro-oUNNa-_YWIvunVNyRr0f3mYbli0EmXOJI/w353-h329/Faerie%20Queene%20shelves.jpeg" width="353" /></a></div><p></p><p>Some of the editions I recommend below come with scholarly essays, but the important thing to keep in mind is what C.S. Lewis says about reading it in his chapter on Edmund Spenser in <i>Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Literature</i>. He says that while reading commentaries can be helpful, they demand a certain kind of mindset that’s the opposite of the way we need to approach the poem itself. <br /><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><blockquote>Its primary appeal is to the most naïve and innocent tastes…. It demands of us a child’s love of marvels and dread of bogies, a boy’s thirst for adventures, a young man’s passion for physical beauty. If you have lost or cannot re-arouse these attitudes, all the commentaries, all your scholarship about “the Renaissance” or “Platonism” or Elizabeth’s Irish policy, will not avail. The poem is a great palace, but the door into it is so low that you must stoop to go in. No prig can be a Spenserian. It is of course much more than a fairy-tale, but unless we can enjoy it as a fairy-tale first of all, we shall not really care for it (132-3).</blockquote><br /><p></p><p><b>Audio</b><br /><br />I haven’t mentioned this before, but another great way to experience <i>The Faerie Queene</i> is to let someone else read it to you. I highly recommend two versions:<br /><br /></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="https://librivox.org/the-faerie-queene-by-edmund-spenser/" target="_blank">Thomas Copeland on Librivox</a> </li><li><a href="https://www.audible.com/pd/The-Faerie-Queene-Audiobook/B015QGUNFY" target="_blank">David Timson on Audible</a></li></ul><p><br /><br /><b>Print</b><br /><br />Free:<br /><br /><a href="https://www.luminarium.org/renascence-editions/fqintro.html" target="_blank"><i>The Faerie Queene</i> at Luminarium</a> <br />This is the complete text in an easily navigable format. The drawbacks are that it has all the original spellings, and there are no notes on difficult words. Includes the letter to Raleigh and the commendatory verses and sonnets.<br /><br /><br /><br />Low cost: <br /><br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0140422072" target="_blank">The single-volume Penguin Classics edition edited by Thomas Roche</a> is the one I use when I’m reading aloud. It does not have the footnotes and marginal notes that I find distracting, but the margins are wide enough for me to add the notes that I <i>do</i> need.<br /></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>All spellings are original, which includes many instances of swapping V and U, using I instead of J, and swapping I and Y. Examples: Vna for Una, Sansioy for Sansjoy, Ioue for Jove, Yuory for Ivory.</li><li>Includes all the commendatory verses, dedicatory sonnets, and Spenser’s letter to Raleigh explaining his plan when writing the story. </li><li>No footnotes.</li><li>Endnotes are fairly minimal, defining unfamiliar words and giving some Biblical, Classical, and literary explanation of Spenser’s allusions. </li><li>Textual notes in an appendix. This is a section that tells all the variants in different manuscripts and how they’ve been reconciled in the text of the poem. </li><li>Helpful glossary of common words. </li><li>No essays or study guides.</li></ul><p><br /></p><p></p><p><br />Moderately priced:<br /><br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1405832819" target="_blank">The Routledge Press edition, edited by A.C. Hamilton</a>, who is a respected and reliable Spenser scholar. This large, single-volume edition includes a general introduction which is very helpful to the reader who’s just getting started in Spenser scholarship.<br /></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Original spellings as described above.</li><li>Includes all commendatory verses, dedicatory sonnets, and the letter to Raleigh. </li><li>Extensive footnotes defining archaic words and explaining Spenser’s allusions. </li><li>Textual notes in the back.</li><li>Character list, including brief descriptions and where they first appear in the story.</li><li>Extensive and valuable bibliography.</li><li>Chronology of Spenser’s life and work. </li></ul><p><br /> The Hackett Classics edition in five volumes (<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0872208079" target="_blank">Book 1</a>, <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0872208478" target="_blank">Book 2</a>, <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0872208559" target="_blank">Books 3 and 4</a>, <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/087220801X" target="_blank">Book 5</a>, <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0872208915" target="_blank">Book 6 and the Mutability Cantos</a>), various editors. Each volume has its own introduction, which is not always sympathetic to the work, depending on the editor—some are pretty good, some are downright awful, so this edition is best for the reader who isn’t especially interested in those extra essays. <br /></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Slightly updated spellings: uses of U, V, I, J, and Y are all regularized and some words use standard modern spellings to avoid confusion, e.g. “bee” updated to “be” because it’s the verb, not the insect.</li><li>Includes letter to Raleigh, but commendatory verses and dedicatory sonnets are missing.</li><li>Footnotes are minimal and generally helpful, defining difficult words and giving brief explanations of the allusions. When dealing with more “adult” allusions in the text, these notes tend to be more explicit than the notes in either Penguin or Hamilton.</li><li>Textual notes in the back.</li><li>Glossary of most commonly used difficult words. </li><li>Index of characters. </li><li>Bibliography. </li></ul><p></p><p></p><p><br /><br /><b>Expensive, and out of print, but glorious if you can afford them:</b><br /><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXQCP7640SbKbj21V9GCh9wHWuBsf1SOXm8wuvmYQJGF4EAwWozhxssRQ0_G2cqsxPo394W1cElgZK8WA5H4-TRjEj-BBSUPZe22SaGi0IdGNx2GBHyyPIg7cX39Pc0OZKV4K0SwX4zaRq0PfrWTNJe9HAA1Jiwg9Ax5VWw2rAexHkiPWnBJI/s3040/Faerie%20Queene%20set.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3040" data-original-width="1973" height="145" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXQCP7640SbKbj21V9GCh9wHWuBsf1SOXm8wuvmYQJGF4EAwWozhxssRQ0_G2cqsxPo394W1cElgZK8WA5H4-TRjEj-BBSUPZe22SaGi0IdGNx2GBHyyPIg7cX39Pc0OZKV4K0SwX4zaRq0PfrWTNJe9HAA1Jiwg9Ax5VWw2rAexHkiPWnBJI/w94-h145/Faerie%20Queene%20set.jpeg" width="94" /></a></div><p>The Folio edition, with illustrations by Walter Crane.</p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Walter Crane’s enchanting illustrations and the excellent physical quality of the book are the main reasons for owning this one.</li><li>Very slightly updated spellings (they’ve modernized the usage of I/J and U/V), but otherwise original. </li><li>No notes or essays. <br /></li></ul><p></p><p></p><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDqQsR-BRMf1mWDajfiAAhh6es9HlB1skqUjRezOIWjGYNirlHyXIs1DoDGABtHoIhoHsaCqWit1WDwzrqia4BEC-YNs1qaERkubzDQ9V8hdPJvA1BTFsZCiDY8UXJGElf_KjDyQHdBl9yS0W3kqnC6NzBf0lR3fQxXX4JOwa2jN4Ii8pEBro/s1374/Faerie%20Queene%20Variorum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="830" data-original-width="1374" height="98" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDqQsR-BRMf1mWDajfiAAhh6es9HlB1skqUjRezOIWjGYNirlHyXIs1DoDGABtHoIhoHsaCqWit1WDwzrqia4BEC-YNs1qaERkubzDQ9V8hdPJvA1BTFsZCiDY8UXJGElf_KjDyQHdBl9yS0W3kqnC6NzBf0lR3fQxXX4JOwa2jN4Ii8pEBro/w162-h98/Faerie%20Queene%20Variorum.jpg" width="162" /></a></div>The Variorum <i>Complete Works of Edmund Spenser</i>, in eleven volumes, ed. Erwin Greenlaw, Charles Grosvenor Osgood, and Frederick Morgan Padelford, 1932. The first six volumes contain all the books of <i>The Faerie Queene</i>. The remaining five are all of Spenser’s prose and poetic works, a <i>Life of Edmund Spenser</i> by Alexander Judson, and an index to the poetry.<br /><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>The main attraction of this one is all the scholarly commentary. I mean ALL the scholarly commentary. It contains everything in every language (untranslated) that was available when it was published.</li><li>Original spellings.</li><li>Includes all commendatory verses, dedicatory sonnets, and the letter to Raleigh. </li><li>No footnotes.</li><li>Extensive endnotes explaining literary allusions, historical background, the allegory, the roles of certain major characters, and more. Each volume has one book of the Faerie Queene that takes up about a third of the volume. The other two-thirds is commentary.</li><li>Ideal for the uber-nerd like me who wants all the commentaries!</li><li>Have I mentioned all the commentaries? <br /></li></ul><p><br /><br /><br /><b>Of interest:</b><br /><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMwjkB9gQkzIYIE2zRIs9C3vfCVCxbpbaUYtwTbKdYcOYtaw0-p0oysmRwIgV1DRBCSPKDI14AMaQPtHTZhPnHQtyZiCP9yZcWzHc6QexchIKwmT3--ecVeCKhj9H92LtF_T2x81EFq1c6bhlfipTqUYerfaZshih_SnK8jfuF2y2gH2Wt-C4/s2048/Faerie%20Queene%20Oxford.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1145" data-original-width="2048" height="111" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMwjkB9gQkzIYIE2zRIs9C3vfCVCxbpbaUYtwTbKdYcOYtaw0-p0oysmRwIgV1DRBCSPKDI14AMaQPtHTZhPnHQtyZiCP9yZcWzHc6QexchIKwmT3--ecVeCKhj9H92LtF_T2x81EFq1c6bhlfipTqUYerfaZshih_SnK8jfuF2y2gH2Wt-C4/w199-h111/Faerie%20Queene%20Oxford.jpeg" width="199" /></a></div>Oxford edition, published 1909, edited by J. C. Smith. This is meant to be an authoritative text, so it contains all original spellings. The introduction gives some historical background on the publication and revisions of the poem and explains the editor’s philosophy and method. The footnotes are all differences in the texts of the various manuscripts. Contains the letter to Raleigh, commendatory verses and dedicatory sonnets, and has an appendix with longer critical notes. <br /><br /><p></p><p><br /><br /><b>And now, unfortunately, I have two anti-recommendations.</b><br /><br />The first one is the one published by Canon Press. So far they only have the first three books out, and I’ve only read the first one, <i>Fierce Wars and Faithful Loves</i>, edited by Roy Maynard. This is the updated and annotated edition that I bought when I first wanted to read the Real Deal. The updated spellings are the only thing this edition has going for it. Where Maynard updates the language he sometimes errs, and he frequently gives bad definitions in the margins, so it seems that he doesn’t actually understand the language of Spenser. Worse, his explanatory notes are heavily agenda-driven—he makes it seem like Spenser was an anti-Catholic Puritan. Lewis says that this was not the case. In <i>Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Literature</i>, Lewis says that although Spenser was educated at Cambridge, he never became attached to the two intellectual movements of the day, Puritanism and what we now call the Neo-Classical movement, the “young, fierce, progressive intellectuals, very fashionable and up-to-date,” who were united by their “hatred for everything medieval: for scholastic philosophy, medieval Latin, romance, fairies, and chivalry.” This one probably won’t kill your love of Spenser if you read, but I can’t recommend it since there are so many better options.<br />This edition is missing the letter to Raleigh and the commendatory verses and sonnets.</p><p>~*~ ~*~ ~*~<br /><br />The second one hasn’t been published yet, but it’s received a lot of publicity in my circles. This is the “modern prose rendering” by Rebecca Reynolds. I have read one of the cantos, which Reynolds forwarded me so my son and I could read it. I’m not at liberty to share anything about the text, but I will note that if you’ve read Tolkien’s translation of <i>Beowulf</i>, you’ll have an idea what to expect from this edition. Tolkien first made that translation early in his career as an Old English scholar and revised it continuously for the rest of his life. It was his personal study of the language of the poem, and should be seen as an exercise in linguistics, not as a work of art. That is, Tolkien’s <i>Beowulf</i> is not a literary translation meant to delight the reader. Rather, it’s a textual and linguistic study of the poem, which is why so many people were disappointed when they finally received their much-anticipated copy of it.<br /><br />Where Maynard in his <i>Fierce Wars and Faithful Loves</i> seems not to understand the language of Spenser, Reynolds seems not to understand the form of Romance itself, including its use of stock characters and its way of using metaphor to point to transcendent reality. In her “Introduction to Books Five and Six,” while explaining that all of Spenser’s knights fail in their quests to one degree or another, Reynolds says that <br /></p><blockquote>the title knights of Book Four would have killed one another, had not their lethal conflict been resolved through a magic potion inaccessible to the average reader. (Spenser has claimed that the Faerie Queene instructs readers how to live virtuously. Where does he expect them to find such a potion?)</blockquote><br />This, in a teacher of literature, is inexcusable ignorance of the way magic works in a Romance. A Romance is essentially a long, literary fairy tale, and fairy-tale magic of this sort works in the fairy-tale world the way the grace of God works in our world—you don’t find it; it finds you. She consistently discusses Spenser’s treatment of characters as if they were people living in our world, and not characters in a secondary world, an imaginative world of Spenser’s creation, and specifically characters in a story with a long literary tradition behind it. In the “Introduction to Book One,” she says, “Spenser’s treatment of women sometimes employs the extremes of angelic young ladies and wicked old enchantresses, females typed instead of embodied.” But this is exactly the way the medieval Romance works. It’s not a modern realistic novel.<br /><br />Reynolds repeatedly makes the biographical fallacy of thinking that understanding the author helps you understand the story. In her “Introduction to Book One,” she writes pages of commentary explaining “Spenser’s questionable treatment of race, religion, gender, and nationality,” saying he glorifies whiteness and objectifies women, and writes extensively on “Spenser’s Anti-Irish Behavior,” among other atrocities. This is the topic of “Elizabeth’s Irish policy” that I mentioned when quoting Lewis at the top of the blog post. In <i>Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Literature</i>, Lewis says, “The many generations who have read and re-read <i>The Faerie Queene</i> with delight paid very little attention to the historical allegory; the modern student, at his first reading, will be well advised to pay it none at all.” Reynolds is taking exactly the opposite approach, pointing out all of Spenser’s supposed flaws, according to very modern (may I even say “woke”?) standards. <br /><br />Which brings me to the last area of concern that I’ll be addressing here. The major issue with this edition is the same as with Maynard’s: it’s highly agenda-driven. I have read all the introductions that are available on the website, and I encourage you to do a web search and download and read the essays for yourself for more information. The introductions are quite long, so I will include here a longer selection from the “Introduction to Book One” to illustrate this agenda.<br /><br /><blockquote>Spenser made some grave mistakes as a writer and as an Englishman living in Ireland. Perhaps it could be helpful for you to read about some of his shortcomings and how I handled them before beginning this book. Where I didn’t sterilize Spenser, it was out of a conviction that we need an accurate record of the past to help us make our present and future better; I don’t think we can overcome wrongs by denying they existed. Where I muted him a bit, it was out of a desire to instill respect where there was once hostility….<br /><br />As a reader, I’ve given myself permission to shout disagreements with Spenser here and there.... I welcome you to both rage at him with me and glean alongside me as we read his tale. May our journey through this and all old stories be indignant and supple at all the right moments.<br /><br />...<br /><br />Throughout the text, I couldn’t resist including a few maternal footnotes for young female readers who may be encountering the jolt of objectification in a historic work of literature for the first time. Though I couldn’t address every instance of sexism, I want these intermittent messages to serve as a little hand squeeze for the youth wandering through these stories. Ladies, if you feel angry over how a female is treated in a given scene, I’m likely right there with you. Let’s stare unflinchingly into the hard realities that our foremothers have faced. Let’s learn from the past.</blockquote><br /><br />In summary, Reynolds claims to love <i>The Faerie Queene</i>. She says she hopes that “this rendering will help both younger students and curious adults with busy lives who simply don’t have the time or training to untangle four-hundred-year-old language.” She says that she hopes people will read her prose rendering and then go on to read an edition such as Hamilton’s. But it seems to me that Reynolds’ approach will have the opposite of the intended effect.<p></p><p></p><p>~*~ ~*~ ~*~</p><p></p><p>To read other things I’ve written about <i>The Faerie Queene</i> over the years, please click the Faerie Queene tag. Happy reading!<br /> </p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-71828996255268652832023-02-21T23:00:00.012-06:002023-03-01T12:04:49.854-06:00Strategies for reading Spenser's Faerie Queene<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://badgermum.blogspot.com/2023/02/how-to-read-faerie-queene-or-you-are.html">In my last post I described how I
prepared to read aloud Spenser’s <i>Faerie Queene</i> to my children</a>. It took
some time, but it didn’t cost me any money at all, as the high quality,
literary retellings for children that I used were written over a century ago
and are available for free on the internet. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In this post, I’ll describe how I
read the whole thing aloud over the course of two years. It took us that long
partly because since we’d never read the longer children’s versions before, we
were reading them before reading each book of Spenser. Subsequent readings have
taken us a little over a year, reading two or three cantos a week during our
school year. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But before that I want to mention briefly how I first tried and failed to read <i>The Faerie Queene</i> so that
you can avoid those pitfalls.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">When I first started trying to read
FQ, the only prior knowledge of the story I had was that “Saint George and the
Dragon” was a part of it. I was intimidated by the poem, so I got an edition of
Book I that had modernized spellings, and some modernized words, and included
lots of footnotes and sidebars that were meant to be helpful. The biggest
mistake I made was stopping to read all the footnotes and sidebars. This
interrupted the flow of the story and took so much time that each time I started
reading it I only made it through a few stanzas before I was too tired to carry
on. By doing it this way, I lost the flow of the story so badly that I could hardly
remember from one day to the next what I had read before.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Occasionally the beauty of the
language caught my attention, but mostly it was unpleasant work. I don’t
remember how long I struggled though it like this before I finally quit,
thinking I just wasn’t capable of understanding it.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It was after that failure that I
read what C.S. Lewis said about the story in various places. He said that up
until the early 20th century, children’s versions of the story were pretty
common, and he made it sound like something a regular person could read with
pleasure—like it didn’t require any special training or knowledge, so I started
over with my children, as I described last time, reading children’s versions.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This time, when it was time to read
Spenser Himself, instead of reading from my modernized and annotated version, I
read aloud from the fat Penguin book. This edition has a little commentary and
plenty of notes explaining unfamiliar words, but they’re all located in the
back of the book instead of cluttering up the pages of the text.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The method</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Two or three times a week, during
our Morning Time, I’d read aloud an <i>entire canto</i>, pausing occasionally
to let the children narrate. <b>Reading this much at one go is essential to the
experience</b>. Spenser’s poetry isn’t the kind where you ought to linger over
individual lines or words, as you might do with Shakespeare or Donne. It <i>is</i>
poetry, written with a very exacting meter and rhyme scheme, but the <i>words</i>
aren’t the point—the images and the mood are. To enter this story, we must not
only “surrender ourselves with childlike attention to the mood of the story,”
but we must read it like Spenser’s original audience, “an audience who have
settled down to hear a long story and do not much want to savour each line as a
separate work of art.” </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Preparation</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The one thing I did in the way of
preparation was to look over the commentary and explanatory notes in the back
of the book the night before I planned to read the canto to my children. If
there were any unfamiliar words, I’d make a brief entry in the margin of the
text, so that I would know what the words of the text meant. In this way I
could read the whole line with understanding. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sometimes there were particular
words or names or literary allusions that were going to come up in the canto
that I felt my kids needed to be acquainted with before they met them in the
story. In this case I’d briefly say something before we started the canto. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">On very rare occasions, while I was
reading I substituted the translation for the original word. I did this when
the original word might cause misunderstanding, but wasn’t the kind of word I
wanted to spend any teaching time on. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Demonstration</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Since all of this is easier done
than said (heh) I’m going to share a recording of myself reading the first
three stanzas of Book I, Canto 1. This way I’ll be able to show you several
different things. Here’s the text, with my own marginal notes added (based on
the notes from the back of my Penguin edition.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4w9dESDHQ9Qs6xvA-cRKx6D5IgbjlGACsR0Zu4OpMMiyd0uxza_KhciqHJbyHgz0CwzeHwW6ka_Np9-zM0yku1lhYYjrjeq70xOzhV1ph2kKq7W-OtBo1QFSH5qpXrLxz0yXnncjA-SBI_aeEDwSm_OxQyY-hB9HDBn-E7wzyn3tup3rPRcw/s2048/FQ%20I.1.1-3.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1365" height="359" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4w9dESDHQ9Qs6xvA-cRKx6D5IgbjlGACsR0Zu4OpMMiyd0uxza_KhciqHJbyHgz0CwzeHwW6ka_Np9-zM0yku1lhYYjrjeq70xOzhV1ph2kKq7W-OtBo1QFSH5qpXrLxz0yXnncjA-SBI_aeEDwSm_OxQyY-hB9HDBn-E7wzyn3tup3rPRcw/w239-h359/FQ%20I.1.1-3.jpeg" width="239" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The first thing you’ll notice from
this image is the crazy spellings, and not just words like “mightie” and
“deepe.” Those are easy enough to figure out. The hard ones are words like
siluer/silver, euer/ever, Vpon/Upon, and iolly/jolly. You’ll get used to it in
time, I promise! The U/V swap happens often enough that you’ll probably have no
trouble within just a few stanzas. The I/J swap takes longer to get the hang of
because it doesn’t happen as often. It really is a learning curve, but stick
with it! Before too long you’ll feel like you’re mastering a new language (and
really, you are—Early Modern English isn’t quite the same thing as Present Day
English).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="166" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1451475766&color=%23ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/kelly-cumbee" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Kelly Cumbee">Kelly Cumbee</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/kelly-cumbee/faerie-queene-i11-3" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Faerie Queene I.1.1 - 3">Faerie Queene I.1.1 - 3</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Now you’ll notice that I’m
pronouncing the words in my everyday read-aloud voice, not trying to recreate Elizabethan English
or even stick to Spenser’s rhyme scheme. As I said, the poem is written
according to a very strict meter and rhyme scheme, and those things are beautiful
in themselves, but they aren’t the point of <i>The Faerie Queene</i>. The point
is the story itself. I’m reading in a way that’s natural to the setting—reading
aloud to my children so that they can experience the story. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And here’s a slightly different
example from Book IV, Canto 1.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCFg3VTRTrzmTuUh918n6ZCOLXqVRninfEdYZsFTxcQmasuwDPnHVnc7aQ7W3LE4SxSGXswzTCi-ihPBHDhsJwzyNvkRzFhNvAV_R2t-0jL8wg7vl2LtXQVnjL1iQN0VUnVQ0K0-GbQpxwKQkyIFxcCzs6egUxUsxrS1YvtbwKkQA-WPYuSTU/s2048/FQ%20IV.1.26.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="2048" height="113" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCFg3VTRTrzmTuUh918n6ZCOLXqVRninfEdYZsFTxcQmasuwDPnHVnc7aQ7W3LE4SxSGXswzTCi-ihPBHDhsJwzyNvkRzFhNvAV_R2t-0jL8wg7vl2LtXQVnjL1iQN0VUnVQ0K0-GbQpxwKQkyIFxcCzs6egUxUsxrS1YvtbwKkQA-WPYuSTU/s320/FQ%20IV.1.26.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In this one, when I get to the word “sterve,”
which is the word “starve,” I might go ahead and substitute “die” because the
point is that the character is thriving off of her victims’ <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">deaths</i>, not their hunger. The meaning of
the word has changed enough in the last few centuries, and this is an important
enough aspect of the story, that I feel the change could be justified. Use your
own judgement.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b>That’s it!</b> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Do a little prep work
before you read aloud. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Plan to read the entire canto in one sitting. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pause
every once in a while to let the kids narrate. You’ll be surprised how much
they’ve retained from reading the children’s versions.</span></li></ul><div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://badgermum.blogspot.com/2023/03/recommended-editions-of-spensers-faerie.html">In my next post, I’ll list several editions I can heartily recommend</a>, including two with updated spellings. </span></p>
<p></p></div>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-44414793014411862562023-02-14T23:00:00.017-06:002023-02-22T09:38:22.379-06:00How to read The Faerie Queene; or, You are already qualified to read Spenser's masterpiece<p></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLqRLQeEnO_jYQyBtU1Ssv7chcZVL36gPyLAuUybmb1NyexQl2Nl56zfrDY3LmEtnv6xTjBFWklQDhvyd4Nbf18MK2QPOY1vFrz8BMkh7ZnRR-OH3nyj5GzGZ28xK-Fz-iWRljK2NZEb_8Wx75UlczAOgfrWXQZs0easZ8KHnNjPozFDylTNk/s2048/Mary%20Macleod%20book%20cover.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1463" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLqRLQeEnO_jYQyBtU1Ssv7chcZVL36gPyLAuUybmb1NyexQl2Nl56zfrDY3LmEtnv6xTjBFWklQDhvyd4Nbf18MK2QPOY1vFrz8BMkh7ZnRR-OH3nyj5GzGZ28xK-Fz-iWRljK2NZEb_8Wx75UlczAOgfrWXQZs0easZ8KHnNjPozFDylTNk/s320/Mary%20Macleod%20book%20cover.jpeg" width="229" /></a></div>Many of
you know that last school year I taught a year-long class on Edmund Spenser’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Faerie Queene</i>. To help prepare myself
for the classes, I spent hours and hours reading commentaries and scholarly
essays on the poem, because I wanted to give my students (mostly adults, but a
few high schoolers as well) value for their money. If you’re going to pay for a
class, you should get more out of it than you can get just by reading
something on your own. <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Before
deciding to teach the class, I had read <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Faerie Queene</i> aloud with my children three times over the previous several
years. I loved the poem and wanted to share it with other homeschool families,
so <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">that</i>, in my opinion, was my main
qualification for teaching it</span><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—</span><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I was familiar with it and I loved it.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But what
qualified me to read it to my kids in the first place? I don’t have a college
degree, let alone a degree in English. I didn’t have any specialized knowledge
of Edmund Spenser or Elizabethan England or of the kind of poetry Spenser was
writing.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The only
qualification I had was that I <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">wanted</i>
to read it. And I wanted to read it because I loved C.S. Lewis, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">he</i> loved <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Faerie Queene</i>. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The only
specialized knowledge I had was that I knew the Bible pretty well, I was fairly
familiar with Greek and Roman mythology, and with fairy tales and the legends of King Arthur. Really you can’t even call that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">specialized
knowledge</i>. All of that is what every child ought to have been listening to
from birth, “building blocks of story,” as Angelina Stanford says,
summarizing Northrop Frye and his brilliant commentaries on literature. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">So, how
do you, dear Homeschool Mama, begin reading this glorious masterpiece to your
own children?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Here’s
what I did with my four children who were still at home with me—my fifteen year
old daughter, thirteen year old son, and eleven year old daughter, plus my
nineteen year old special-needs son. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Charlotte Mason suggests having younger children read from Charles and Mary
Lamb’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tales from Shakespeare</i> before
reading the bard himself so that they will be familiar with the stories. I felt
it was even more important to do this with Spenser’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Faerie Queene</i>, since the language in his poem is more difficult
than in Shakespeare’s plays.<br />
<br />
Most of us are familiar with C.S. Lewis’s mention of first reading <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Faerie Queene</i> from a large
illustrated volume on a rainy day. Here is the quote in full:<br /><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Beyond all doubt it is best to
have made one’s first acquaintance with Spenser in a very large—and, preferably,
illustrated—edition of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Faerie Queene</i>,
on a wet day, between the ages of twelve and sixteen; and if, even at that age,
certain of the names aroused unidentified memories of some still earlier, some
almost prehistoric, commerce with a selection of “Stories from Spenser,” heard
before we could read, so much the better.<br />(“On Reading ‘The Faerie Queene,’” in <i>Studies in Medieval and Renaissance
Literature</i>, p. 146)<br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I had
been reading <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Saint-George-Dragon-Margaret-Hodges/dp/0316367958" target="_blank">Margaret Hodges and Trina Schart Hyman’s gorgeously illustrated
edition of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saint George and the Dragon</i></a> since before some of these children were born, and Lewis’s words here spurred
me on to find another high quality children’s edition of the whole story, for he
says that that’s where even the mature reader must start, if not with the
children’s versions, at least with the child’s unjaded appetite for stories
like “Jack the Giant Killer,” and his lack of awareness of any allegory or
moral purpose. In the same essay, Lewis says, <br /><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It may not be necessary for all
readers at all stages of the narrative to know exactly what the poet means, but
it is emphatically necessary that they should surrender themselves to the sense
of some dim significance in the background—that they should feel themselves to
be moving in regions “where more is meant than meets the ear.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I found
two beautifully written editions that served us well. The first and shortest is <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/41350" target="_blank"><i>Stories from the
Faerie Queen</i> by Jeanie Lang</a>. Her book is just a few chapters long, roughly one chapter
per book of Spenser’s FQ, each taking 15-20 minutes to read aloud. The second
is <a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Stories_from_the_Faerie_Queene/xNBJ-YgYsQMC?hl=en&gbpv=0" target="_blank">Mary Macleod’s much longer <i>Stories from the Faerie Queene</i></a>. The chapters are
all “read-aloud” length, like Lang’s, but Macleod’s book covers the poem in
much more detail than Lang’s book. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Our
method was to read a chapter of Lang one day (kids narrating), then in the
following days I would read aloud the corresponding chapters from Macleod (again
having the kids narrate). Then I read aloud from my <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Faerie-Queene-Edmund-Spenser/dp/0140422072" target="_blank">Penguin edition of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Faerie Queene</i></a> (pausing occasionally
for narrations). In this way we worked through FQ, one book at a time.<br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">If your
kids are much younger than mine were, say all under twelve, you could read
aloud the whole Lang book, and later read aloud the whole Macleod. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Do</i> be sure to have your kids narrate
both books. This way they’ll be so familiar with the basic outline of the story
that when you get to Spenser they’ll be able to follow the Elizabethan poetry
without trouble in the way that Lewis describes.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><a href="https://badgermum.blogspot.com/2023/02/strategies-for-reading-spensers-faerie.html"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In my
next post, I’ll give some tips for reading the full edition of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Faerie Queene</i>.</span></a></p> <br /><p></p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-85501267812767578412022-05-23T19:33:00.002-05:002022-05-24T09:56:10.601-05:00To Anthea<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">by
Robert Herrick (1591-1674)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Now is
the time when all the lights wax dim;<br />
And thou, Anthea, must withdraw from him<br />
Who was thy servant: Dearest, bury me<br />
Under that holy-oak, or gospel-tree;<br />
Where, though thou see’st not, thou may’st think upon<br />
Me, when thou yearly go’st procession;<br />
Or, for mine honour, lay me in that tomb<br />
In which thy sacred reliques shall have room;<br />
For my embalming, Sweetest, there will be<br />
No spices wanting, when I’m laid by thee.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The
“yearly procession” in the poem is the tradition called “beating the bounds”
when all the members of the parish walked around the parish boundary and
prayed for good weather, for a good harvest, and for the Lord to protect the
people. It was held on the Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday before the Ascension.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The Gospel
reading on the previous Sunday is John 16:23-33, which begins, “Verily, verily,
I say unto you, Whatsoever ye shall ask the Father in my name, he will give it
you.” The Latin word for <i>ask</i> is <i>rogare</i>, and so this Sunday is
known in liturgical churches as “Rogation Sunday,” and the next three days are
called “Rogation Days.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW5UCSxGCuaeNETrnthorp9MpSFCZclYQs1GfkzoSoggqXx2SmLtfdNDfvBz7fsT8Ik7ISDmrcQQHAh5kJwIT9uj1rFELc2lZVV6N_AqigXlVdLUzGQ9SU_nU6A2CT9zxTAn6rgtjU58m6Yvo_BjhXdcDObwEYGPvX3vjqm3kuOSo9LjtCjas/s2048/lavender.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW5UCSxGCuaeNETrnthorp9MpSFCZclYQs1GfkzoSoggqXx2SmLtfdNDfvBz7fsT8Ik7ISDmrcQQHAh5kJwIT9uj1rFELc2lZVV6N_AqigXlVdLUzGQ9SU_nU6A2CT9zxTAn6rgtjU58m6Yvo_BjhXdcDObwEYGPvX3vjqm3kuOSo9LjtCjas/s320/lavender.jpeg" width="240" /></a></div><br />It’s been unseasonably dry here, so we’ve been praying for rain, and, thanks be
to God, it rained most of the day today! I took this photo this evening between
showers. <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The 1979
Book of Common Prayer has three prayers for use during the Rogation Days. We prayed
the first, For Fruitful Seasons, during Morning Prayers today, and will pray
the next two on Tuesday and Wednesday. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">I. For
fruitful seasons</span></i></p><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Almighty
God, Lord of heaven and earth: We humbly pray that thy gracious providence may
give and preserve to our use the harvests of the land and of the seas, and may
prosper all who labor to gather them, that we, who constantly receive good
things from thy hand, may always give thee thanks; through Jesus Christ our
Lord, who liveth and reigneth with thee and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever
and ever. Amen.</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">II. For
commerce and industry</span></i></p><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Almighty
God, whose Son Jesus Christ in his earthly life shared our toil and hallowed
our labor: Be present with thy people where they work; make those who carry on the
industries and commerce of this land responsive to thy will; and give to us all
a pride in what we do, and a just return
for our labor; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who liveth and reigneth with
thee, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever. Amen.</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">III. For
stewardship of creation</span></i></p><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">O
merciful Creator, whose hand is open wide to satisfy the needs of every living
creature: Make us, we beseech thee, ever thankful for thy loving providence;
and grant that we, remembering the account that we must one day give, may be faithful
stewards of thy bounty; through Jesus Christ our Lord,
who with thee and the Holy Spirit liveth and reigneth, one God, for ever and
ever. Amen.</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">~*~ ~*~
~*~</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 1t; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">I’ve
blogged before about Rogation Day – here’s a post explaining <a href="https://badgermum.blogspot.com/2011/05/beating-bounds.html" target="_blank">Beating theBounds</a>, and here’s one with a <a href="https://badgermum.blogspot.com/2008/04/o-jesus-crowned-with-all-renown.html" target="_blank">hymn for Rogation Sunday</a>.</span></p>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<![endif]--></p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-9068107547942184912021-12-01T17:51:00.002-06:002021-12-04T11:43:21.142-06:00L'Histoire de Cupidon et Psyché<p> I don't think I've mentioned this here before, but since I'm technically a retired homeschool mom now, I've been taking a French class at the local college. It's something I've wanted to do for decades, so I'm grateful for the opportunity to do it now. Let me tell you, it's not easy learning a new language at my age, but it has been fun. For the final exam, the professor wanted each of us to do a "surprise" project, so I wrote a fairly brief version of the Cupid and Psyche story, which y'all know I love, and told it for the class -- partly from memory, but thankfully she let us look at our notes because actually DOING it made me forget nearly the whole thing. Anyway, for your amusement, here's the story, along with my introductory remarks. </p><p style="text-align: center;">~*~ ~*~ ~*~</p><p style="text-align: left;">Je vais vous raconter l'histoire de ce tableau. Il s'appele "The Wedding of Psyche," ou "Le Mariage de Psyché" par le paintre Edward Bourne-Jones.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc9QSQ1G3lmpVNlayMQsnR-ylJIt7wOFWoZ0CRbZVGkmoP1G0bs6DCQPbDlQZ8-glYovO8mBko4trkK9br7xpyEggZdR_4sRUzjdtjCItjja8pLmD5MkyC1ZE5ZLi_t1ZaPQDRTw/s720/The+Wedding+of+Psyche.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="394" data-original-width="720" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc9QSQ1G3lmpVNlayMQsnR-ylJIt7wOFWoZ0CRbZVGkmoP1G0bs6DCQPbDlQZ8-glYovO8mBko4trkK9br7xpyEggZdR_4sRUzjdtjCItjja8pLmD5MkyC1ZE5ZLi_t1ZaPQDRTw/w640-h350/The+Wedding+of+Psyche.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: left;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">« L’Histoire
de Cupidon et Psyché »</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Il
était une fois un roi qui avait trois filles. La cadette était si belle que
Vénus est devenue jalouse d’elle. Elle a envoyé son fils faire tomber Psyché
amoureuse d’une bête, mais quand il l’a vu, il est tombé d’amoureux, et il a
désob</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Nirmala UI";">éi sa mère.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Nirmala UI";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Nirmala UI";">Il
a demandé aux autres dieux de l’aider, alors l’oracle d’Apollon est allé vers
le roi, et il l’a dit, « Donnez votre fille en mariage à la bête </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">à</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Nirmala UI";"> la montagne. »</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "MS Shell Dlg 2"; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Shell Dlg 2";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Nirmala UI";"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Nirmala UI";"> </span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Nirmala UI";">Ici,
nous voyons Psyché et ses demoiselles aller à la montagne.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Nirmala UI";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Nirmala UI";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Nirmala UI";">Elle est montée seule, et elle a attendu. Bientôt,
Zephyrus est arrivé et il l’a apporté vers un grand château. Les portes se sont
ouvertes et une voix a dit, « Bienvenue à chez vous, Madame. »</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Nirmala UI";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Nirmala UI";">Psyché est entrée dans le château, et elle a
vu toute chose </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">elle
avait besoin.</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Nirmala UI";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Quand
la nuit tomba, son mari est venu. Elle n’a pu pas le voir parce qu’il faisait
noir, mais sa voix était gentille. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Il
lui dit : « Je t’aime et j’espère que tu seras heureuse ici. Tu peux avoir
tout ce que tu veux. Mais il y a une chose que tu ne peux pas faire – ne me
vois pas dans la lumière. »</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Le
temps a passé, et Psyché était heureuse. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Un
jour, ses sœurs sont montées, et Psyché est sortie pour les rencontrer. Quand
ses sœurs l’ont vu, elles sont devenues jalouses.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Elles
ont dit, « Pourquoi es-tu si heureuse quand tu es mariée avec une bête ? »</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">« Non, »
a dit Psyché, « il n’est pas une bête ! »</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">« Alors, »
ont dit ses sœurs, « tu dois découvrir la vérité. » Et elles lui ont
dit quoi faire.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Quand
elle est rentrée chez elle, Psyché a tenu une lampe allumée, l’a recouverte, et
l’a cachée dans sa chambre. Après que son mari a dormi, Psyché a pris la lampe,
et l’a découverte.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Et
ce qu’elle a vu ! En vérité, son mari n’est pas une bête ! Il est le Dieu
d’Amour !</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Immédiatement,
Cupidon s’est réveillé et s’est crié, « Qu’as-tu fais ? »</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Il
s’est envolé et Psyché est devenue triste. Elle l'a cherché, et elle ne l'a
point trouvé.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Enfin,
elle est allée vers Vénus, et elle a dit, « Je suis désolée. S’il vous
plaît, donnez-moi mon mari, celui que mon cœur aime ! »</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Vénus
a dit, « Jamais ! » et elle lui a donné des tâches impossibles. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Enfin,
elle a dit, « Va chercher la potion de beauté de Perséphone, et donne-la-moi. » </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Psyché
est descendue à Hadès, et après beaucoup de souffrance, elle est retournée à la
terre, avec un vase d’albâtre. Elle a voulu un peu de potion pour se rendre
belle à nouveau pour son mari. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Mais
la potion de beauté de Perséphone est le sommeil, et quand elle a ouvert le
vase, elle est tombée par terre comme si elle était morte.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Pendent
que Psyché travaillait et souffrait, Cupidon était sous les verrous, parce que
sa mère était furieuse. Mais quand Psyché est tombée, il a brisé les verrous,
et s’est envolé vers elle. Il a pris le sommeil de ses yeux, et l’a porté au
ciel, où il a demandé de l’aide à Jupiter.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Ensuite,
Jupiter a réprimandé Vénus, et Psyché a été faite une déesse, et tous les dieux
l’ont reçue comme la femme de Cupidon.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Bientôt,
leur enfant est née. Elle s’appelle Plaisir.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Fin.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
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UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
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<![endif]--></p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-31506270740690580582021-10-26T10:10:00.002-05:002021-12-31T16:18:39.582-06:00Alfred the Great<p></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7YI4PfA7O5Z0qMzRKEqzjoMb7IggNv7u-hnKU52jcjCiS8lJSsfDZOMAq8r897IlQ5aMRu7sTpE_4kvcq2qNDlH1cGt-AAlHES43UHVKN4LEt_buhFHV0zBfGY1Hh4pvbUlUbGQ/s1024/Statue_d%2527Alfred_le_Grand_%25C3%25A0_Winchester.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7YI4PfA7O5Z0qMzRKEqzjoMb7IggNv7u-hnKU52jcjCiS8lJSsfDZOMAq8r897IlQ5aMRu7sTpE_4kvcq2qNDlH1cGt-AAlHES43UHVKN4LEt_buhFHV0zBfGY1Hh4pvbUlUbGQ/w300-h400/Statue_d%2527Alfred_le_Grand_%25C3%25A0_Winchester.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo credit: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Alfred_the_Great#/media/File:Statue_d'Alfred_le_Grand_%C3%A0_Winchester.jpg" target="_blank">Odejea</a><br />Wikimedia Commons<br /></td></tr></tbody></table> "O God, who didst call thy servant Alfred to an earthly throne that he
might advance thy heavenly kingdom, and didst give him zeal for thy
church and love for thy people: Grant that we, inspired by his example
and prayers, may remain steadfast in the work thou hast given us to do
for the building up of thy reign of love; through Jesus Christ our Lord,
who liveth and reigneth with thee and the Holy Spirit, one God, for
ever and ever. Amen."<p></p><p> On this day in the year of our Lord 899, Alfred King of the Anglo-Saxons passed into glory. He was a good man -- a poet, a scholar, a warrior, a lawgiver, and above all a devout Christian.</p><p>This month I've been reading aloud on Zoom G.K. Chesterton's magnificent <i>Ballad of the White Horse</i>, which is about Alfred's fight against the pagan invaders. Here's <a href="https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLiUO" target="_blank">the link to the read-aloud on YouTube</a>, if you'd like to listen. I've read it aloud to my kids nearly every October for over a decade and they've all graduated and I'm having my Morning Time alone these days, so that's why I decided to read the <i>Ballad</i> on Zoom. I'm glad I did -- it was a lot of fun. You know, I didn't even think about mentioning it here ahead of time!</p><p>You can <a href="http://satucket.com/lectionary/Alfred.htm" target="_blank">read more about Alfred at this Lectionary page</a>. It includes the Collect I've quoted above, plus Scripture readings for the day, and brief history of Alfred. </p><p>This <a href="https://writersinspire.org/content/king-alfred-great" target="_blank">article from the University of Oxford has more information</a>, including excerpts from some of his writings. <br /></p><p>And here's an interesting article from a few years ago about the coin known as the <a href="https://unirdg-collections.tumblr.com/post/111174495076/money-monday-king-alfred-and-londonia-880s-ce" target="_blank">Alfred coin</a></p><p>Enjoy!</p><p> </p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-21609370617161842102021-04-27T12:05:00.000-05:002021-04-27T12:05:11.167-05:00Math resources -- philosophical<p>I've been collecting titles for several years now and people frequently ask me what they can read to help them on their own math journey, so I'm going to be adding to this series, or maybe created a page with the master list or something like that -- I don't really have a plan in mind beyond sharing resources in one place that's easier to find than searching through old Facebook posts.</p><p><br /></p><p>First up is the essay that radically changed my perspective on math. I used to say, when asked what my favorite subject was, that I loved everything except math. I said this because by the time I was in 6th grade I'd decided that I simply couldn't do math, that I wasn't a Math Person, that I was a lost cause. My goal in math class from that point on was not to get an F and have to repeat the class.</p><p>Reading this essay infuriated me. I remember how much I loved playing with numbers and patterns as a child and how easy 1st through 3rd grade math was for me, but 4th grade math was the first time I encountered things I didn't understand and when I asked for an explanation, there was NONE. By the time I was in 6th grade . . . honestly, looking back on it I feel like I was brainwashed into believing that math was memorizing and working formulas, which I was no good at. </p><p>This is a lot like my school experience of history, which I was good at, but didn't particularly love, because school history was memorizing names and treaties and nations and so forth. I could do that. It honestly wasn't until I was in my second semester of college that I connected all the biographies and memoirs and accounts of life long ago that I loved so much to HISTORY. I kind of feel like an idiot admitting that, but really what happened inside of school was for the most part disconnected with me reading books I loved and learning all the things I loved learning about.</p><p>So. </p><p>Start here.</p><p><a href="https://www.maa.org/external_archive/devlin/LockhartsLament.pdf" target="_blank">A Mathematician's Lament, by Paul Lockhart </a></p><p>That link will download a PDF. Lockhart later wrote a book of the same title that incorporates this essay. I've read it, and don't really think it adds anything of substance to this free essay.<br /></p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-65985711622327125802021-03-23T13:18:00.004-05:002021-03-23T13:18:42.603-05:00The Sieve of Eratosthenes<p>Somewhere in my past I learned about the Sieve of Eratosthenes – it was presented as a method for finding out prime numbers. The end.<br /><br />In my last reading of <i>Introduction to Arithmetic</i>, Nicomachus mentioned the sieve in Book 1 chapter 13 when talking the relationships between odd numbers, specifically finding out whether any two numbers have a measure in common with one another. We would call this a “common denominator.” Nicomachus says there are three classes of odd numbers, which I won’t go into here because it’s complicated, but he introduces the sieve as a method for producing the three classes, and finding out their “common measure” at the same time. When you mark each odd number as he suggests, their relationships appear.<br /><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeXHuPXJ9_cuprwLNqEsGUgw7mZWTlLHNBf6ved_32O5Spy9h_gnqOgh7xH9NHjGZiIjnTmXJLG_P-Jb5YKsEksg3gcR2jjkvasVcOwl6v-tztfrvRnfGfn91MIOgWms8siGK8Hw/s2048/Sieve+of+Eratosthenes+2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1520" data-original-width="2048" height="476" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeXHuPXJ9_cuprwLNqEsGUgw7mZWTlLHNBf6ved_32O5Spy9h_gnqOgh7xH9NHjGZiIjnTmXJLG_P-Jb5YKsEksg3gcR2jjkvasVcOwl6v-tztfrvRnfGfn91MIOgWms8siGK8Hw/w640-h476/Sieve+of+Eratosthenes+2.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I stopped at 31 because I was running out of ideas for symbols ;-)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>I was taught simply to start with 3 and cross out any number that was divisible by 3, then move to 5 and do the same. This means that you’ll skip over 15 and 45 because they were crossed out when you were doing 3s. Then you do the same with 7, 11, 13, and so on (you skip 9 and all the rest of the numbers you’ve already crossed out). After a while, the numbers you’re left with are the primes – the ones that aren’t divisible by anything other than 1 and themselves.<br /><br />Doing it Nicomachus’s way is so much richer though, because you’re not just solving a single problem – you’re noticing the relationships between the numbers, and that’s what Arithmetic really is. Not just performing operations with symbols, but understanding the relationships with the reality beyond the symbols.<br /></p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-77266942060019684732021-03-18T15:52:00.003-05:002021-04-13T21:42:17.281-05:00Canonical hours and The Tempest<p><i>The Tempest</i> is so interesting. It’s the only one of Shakespeare’s plays where he invented the plot instead of using one from history, myth, or romance. Instead, it’s inspired by tales of ancient voyages, like <i>Aeneid</i> and <i>Jason and the Argonauts</i>, but also by contemporary accounts of voyages to the New World. The characters are based on stock characters from the popular improv theater <i>commedia dell’arte</i>, only the story isn’t improv because Prospero is directing the whole thing. </p><p>Also, it’s one of only two where Shakespeare observes the Aristotelian unities of time and place, which means that the time it takes to act the story on stage is the same as the amount of time that passes for the characters within the story.<br /></p><p>In Act 1, scene 2, we meet Ariel for the first time when Prospero calls to him to come and give a report of the work he’s done that day, carrying out Prospero’s orders regarding the storm and bringing the ship’s passengers to land. Ariel has been having a great time doing all that, and gives an animated account of the storm, the wreck, and the passengers’ behavior.<br /><br />But then Propsero mentions the time -- it’s almost three p.m. -- and says, “The time ’twixt six and now / Must by us both be spent most preciously.” In other words, there’s more work to be done.<br /><br />Three p.m. is the canonical hour of Nones, the ninth hour after sunrise. It’s the hour at which Jesus died on the cross. It’s the time in the afternoon when the day is drawing to a close, but your work isn’t necessarily done yet, and you’re tired. It’s the hour of temptation. Since it’s connected to death (both Jesus’ death and the approaching death of the day with its memento mori) it’s also the hour for growing in wisdom and maturity, and it’s the hour of forgiveness -- both seeking and giving.<br /><br />As soon as Prospero mentions more work, Ariel becomes fractious, complaining about the work, and reminding Prospero of his promise to set him free soon. Prospero scolds Ariel, who repents and obeys quickly and enthusiastically the rest of the play.<br /><br />From here on out, all the characters in this play will face trials and temptations, will be reminded of their sins, will need to seek or offer forgiveness.<br /><br />Miranda may be the one exception to that -- I’ll need to be watching her as I read the rest of the play with my class.<br /><br /></p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-57795233531401213622021-03-13T13:06:00.000-06:002021-03-13T13:06:20.659-06:00My math collection<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQZ-XmD2iSAo7t6Lnw1sIxfl626ftINyQCxvfgd0iAevr9IIhyphenhypheneLilHF-6leBHzKGkaLbASyrN5TT04hrfXXvP6fBG8eRxZcgNC8wHfpn-viEwDQPZPtDaImf0y8B5-Rx8kAY_vw/s2048/math+shelves.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1427" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQZ-XmD2iSAo7t6Lnw1sIxfl626ftINyQCxvfgd0iAevr9IIhyphenhypheneLilHF-6leBHzKGkaLbASyrN5TT04hrfXXvP6fBG8eRxZcgNC8wHfpn-viEwDQPZPtDaImf0y8B5-Rx8kAY_vw/s320/math+shelves.jpeg" /></a></div>I haven't done a math post in ages! Several years ago I got really busy with other studies and had to set my math studies aside, but I've been able to take them up again recently, reading <i>Introduction to Arithmetic</i> by Nicomachus of Gerasa with my friend Esther, who blogs at <a href="https://beautyseenisneverlost.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Dappled Things</a>. She suggested I return to the topic here and I have a few ideas for future posts, but in the mean time I thought I'd share a peek at my shelves, and mention a few favorite titles.<p></p><p>My youngest is a senior this year and is using The Teaching Textbooks, so a lot of these books and games are things we used when she and her siblings were a lot younger, but I've kept them out because I still refer to them from time to time.</p><p>The middle shelf is mostly manipulatives and decks of cards. The basket is full of Math-U-See blocks. The cardboard box has pattern blocks. We hardly ever use the manipulatives any more -- they're just here because I don't want them separated from everything else. We don't really play "math games" much any more either, but we do play card games sometimes. The white bottle in the red sleeve is a bottle full of pennies for using when we play our family's favorite card game, Continental. </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-Y0l_y4Eyc7tcA3bCA7BaT8o7uRWtJ9Mn_NQ9ES6snzrrkEpNK1bNB1IFDQoj6N6Sirds7LjncKcCCxV_6zDnF-8YRxGwrh3zSPzvDPyxYoPMmhxcP1914LhvW58JgG_dKJgGJQ/s2048/math+shelf+1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1155" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-Y0l_y4Eyc7tcA3bCA7BaT8o7uRWtJ9Mn_NQ9ES6snzrrkEpNK1bNB1IFDQoj6N6Sirds7LjncKcCCxV_6zDnF-8YRxGwrh3zSPzvDPyxYoPMmhxcP1914LhvW58JgG_dKJgGJQ/s320/math+shelf+1.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><p>The top shelf is mostly books for my own study and use. I pulled the Ruth Beechick book out so you can see it better. It's just a tiny thing, but so important. If you're just getting started, I can't recommend it enough. Behind it are the textbooks and CDs I got from The Teaching Textbooks, when we were doing it that instead of using their subscription service. Asimov's <i>Realm of . . .</i> books are kind of a history of the development of math. They make great read alouds with middle school and older kids, if taken in fairly small doses. Give you lots to talk about. </p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHsjBc0Ri-yMq96VzX6GAdxd4xddWr9lQhkFpdqn0KAqh1OLUkET8ORNsbQDLV4pKgYVVh9lXal8raO7lWjgKL3TEc5chsmyBrd7MBK6ayq8m44KN2TuOJew9igT3KI9J3XpjJBw/s2048/math+shelf+2.1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1540" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHsjBc0Ri-yMq96VzX6GAdxd4xddWr9lQhkFpdqn0KAqh1OLUkET8ORNsbQDLV4pKgYVVh9lXal8raO7lWjgKL3TEc5chsmyBrd7MBK6ayq8m44KN2TuOJew9igT3KI9J3XpjJBw/s320/math+shelf+2.1.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><p>The bottom four are books for me on child development and teaching as it relates to math. The top four are Denise Gaskins' excellent series of math games for all ages. The yellow one is a program that I started then abandoned -- it seems like it would be really good for young kids but I got it too late to use with my younger set. I'm thinking I should revisit it with my special needs son, and see if he takes to it. It starts with counting on the fingers, based on some interesting brain science -- there's actually a part of the brain that connects the fingers with numbers. The ones on the right are all "living" math books -- a few biographies, a history of counting. Picture books for younger kids but still very interesting.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmljC6ax2wD4kzIQ78bEBeAVZgyfo2QsBmPVa7xSDZciyoG-HdSmkREmQ-NwC64iqkrVkYNs5GgNk51acY_KgcqFuFgEuPSv4OKs2sAIVeyItZ6fpFOqR0emd92UrgLaFjaLScig/s2048/math+shelf+2.2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1423" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmljC6ax2wD4kzIQ78bEBeAVZgyfo2QsBmPVa7xSDZciyoG-HdSmkREmQ-NwC64iqkrVkYNs5GgNk51acY_KgcqFuFgEuPSv4OKs2sAIVeyItZ6fpFOqR0emd92UrgLaFjaLScig/s320/math+shelf+2.2.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><p>Bottom, three ancient college textbooks -- I don't remember where they came from. The blue paperback is the text to a Great Courses class I took several years ago. Standing on top of the stack is Horace Grant's <i>Arithmetic for Young Children</i>, out of print, but an excellent resource. It's standing on his <i>Second Stage of Arithmetic</i>, also excellent and out of print -- I sent the google doc of the book to a custom printing service and got it that way, which wasn't as expensive as it sounds. The only other option would have been to print and bind it myself and I didn't want to spend time on all the formatting. The colored books are <i>Life of Fred</i>, which are fun and helpful.<br /><br /></p><p>See my<a href="https://badgermum.blogspot.com/search/label/math" target="_blank"> math label</a> for earlier posts describing some of the things I was doing with my children and learning on my own.</p><p><br /></p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-25292306299420633932021-02-23T19:58:00.001-06:002021-03-18T15:57:23.499-05:00The Divine Comedy and The Tempest<p>One of the fun things about having several books going at once is that it makes it easier for you see connections between them.<br /><br />This morning I was reading Dorothy Sayers’ commentary on her translation of <i>Purgatory</i>. She describes the difference between the retributive punishment the characters undergo in Inferno as being very similar to the remedial punishments suffered by those on Mount Purgatory. The difference, she says, lies not in the nature of the suffering, but in the character of the sufferer. In <i>Inferno</i>, the people there have chosen their sin to the very end and so have no remorse – they do not accept the justice of their punishment, so the punishment can do them no good. On the contrary, those in Purgatory are there because they sincerely want to do the will of God and to be with him. They accept justice and “welcome the torment, as a sick man welcomes the pain of surgery” (p. 16). And they don’t just accept the suffering – they “count it all joy.”<br /><br />Now, I’m a Protestant and don’t believe in Purgatory as a real state after death, but that doesn’t stop us from appreciating the story and from seeing what this means as an allegory of the soul. If we love and seek God, then the suffering we encounter in life is part of the refiner’s fire, and is for our good. <br /><br />Then, this afternoon, I was rereading <i>The Tempest</i> to prepare for a co-op class I’ll begin teaching soon. In Act 2, a group of shipwrecked men are wandering around trying to find the rest of their companions. To one of these four men, Gonzalo, the island they find themselves on is a Paradise, or can easily be made one, but to the other three it’s “Uninhabitable and almost inaccessible,” with air that stinks of a swamp. The main difference between these men? Gonzalo is a faithful friend and counsellor, where his companions are all traitors and usurpers, “three men of sin,” as they’re called later in the play. <br /><br />Not a perfect parallel, but it helped me make sense of what’s going on in that scene and another one that follows later, when the three men have a horrific vision, where Gonzalo sees and enjoys a banquet. The last time I read <i>The Tempest</i> I thought Gonzalo must be a lunatic. <br /></p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-89779551500846534002021-02-13T15:45:00.003-06:002022-08-21T12:41:18.670-05:00The Faerie Queene<p> </p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoY21XOA0eUMy40gKOw87Q7WzibkML5oAQSc_7zMr_vmO1b1V0c50bWyOYVyiyq0D36eLzJAqYFX8_mJGcx64I6z4SuVj7lSeaTQWFOjyYTf_Hv3wBCzM0u-n9Bo49nJdAYPNczA/s2048/Faerie+Queene+set.jpeg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1329" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoY21XOA0eUMy40gKOw87Q7WzibkML5oAQSc_7zMr_vmO1b1V0c50bWyOYVyiyq0D36eLzJAqYFX8_mJGcx64I6z4SuVj7lSeaTQWFOjyYTf_Hv3wBCzM0u-n9Bo49nJdAYPNczA/s320/Faerie+Queene+set.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is the Folio edition,<br />illustrated by Walter Crane,<br />which my family gave me<br />for Christmas a few years ago</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table>Those of you who have followed me for any length of time at all know that I adore Spenser’s epic romance, <i>The Faerie Queene</i> (check out my <a href="https://badgermum.blogspot.com/search/label/Faerie%20Queene" target="_blank"><i>Faerie Queene</i> label</a> for past posts on it) I’ve mentioned loving it and reading it aloud to my own children, who also love it, so many times that people finally started asking me to teach it to them so they could read it and love it too.<br /><br />Starting next August I’ll be teaching a year-long online class through House of Humane Letters. While all adults and high school aged students are welcome, I’ve designed the class especially with the homeschooling mom in mind, so we’ll be meeting in the evenings and following a schedule that’s looser than the traditional school year. <br /><br />For each of the six books, I’ll have one introductory lesson, then we’ll read the book’s twelve cantos over the course of four weeks, then take a break before starting the cycle over again with the next book. All classes are recorded, so if you aren’t able to make the live class, you can watch the recordings and take things at your own pace.<p></p><p>Registration begins March 1 for families new to House of Humane Letters
and will be conducted via email, so if you’re interested, go to <a href="https://houseofhumaneletters.com/" target="_blank">House of Humane Letters</a> and sign up for their email list.</p><p>Here’s my description of the class:</p><p>~*~ ~*~ ~*~<br /></p><p style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">“From the time of its publication down to about 1914 [<i>The Faerie Queene</i>] was everyone’s poem—the book in which many and many a boy first discovered that he liked poetry; a book which spoke at once, like Homer or Shakespeare or Dickens, to every reader’s imagination.”<br /><br />~ C.S. Lewis, <i>Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Literature</i><br /></p><p><br /><i>The Faerie Queene</i> along with its style of storytelling has been out of favor for so long that we encounter several difficulties (apart from its sheer size!) when trying to read it. Lewis identified three for us: its narrative technique, its allegory, and the texture of its language—that is, the kind of poetry it is, which affects how it’s to be approached.<br /><br />In this class, I’ll not only give you the imaginative frame of mind for entering into Spenser’s masterpiece, I’ll help you with these three areas. Together we’ll become more comfortable with the polyphonic narrative style, which you may never have encountered before. We’ll discuss how to understand the story’s allegory as well as when to ignore it. We’ll learn to appreciate Spenser’s poetic style and I’ll teach you strategies for reading the poetry, whether to yourself or to your children.<br /><br />And that really is my goal for this class—not just to help you read this magnificent story, but to give you the confidence to read it to your own children as I did to mine. <br /><br /><br /><br /><b>Recommended editions</b> (affiliate links):<br /><br />I have found three editions which I can recommend for this class. Every edition has the same system of numbering the cantos and stanzas, so we can each use the one that best meets our own needs.<br /><br />The single-volume <a href="https://amzn.to/3rRtQbn" target="_blank">Penguin Classics edition</a> edited by Thomas Roche is the one I use when I’m reading aloud because there are no notes in the text, which I find distracting. All of the notes, which are in the back, are fairly minimal, defining unfamiliar words and giving some Biblical, Classical, and literary explanation of Spenser’s allusions. All spellings are original, which includes many instances of swapping V and U, using I instead of J, and swapping I and Y. Examples: Vna for Una, Sansioy for Sansjoy, Ioue for Jove, Yuory for Ivory. It’s a little confusing at first, but you do get used to it. Includes all the commendatory verses, dedicatory sonnets, and Spenser’s letter to Raleigh explaining his plan when writing the story. No essays or study guides.<br /><br />The <a href="https://amzn.to/3k33P63" target="_blank">Routledge Press edition</a>, edited by A.C. Hamilton. This is a large single-volume edition. Extensive footnotes defining archaic words and explaining Spenser’s allusions. Includes all commendatory verses, dedicatory sonnets, and the letter to Raleigh. Includes a chronology of Spenser’s life and work, a helpful introduction to the work, an extensive bibliography, and a list and description of all the characters and where they first appear in the work. Retains original spellings as described above. This edition is best for the student who wants to go deeper in his study of the work. A.C. Hamilton is a reliable Spenser scholar.<br /><br />The <a href="https://amzn.to/2N4iRMX" target="_blank">Hackett Classics edition in five volumes</a> (Books 3 and 4 are in one volume), various editors. Footnotes are minimal, defining difficult words and giving brief explanations of the allusions. When dealing with more “adult” allusions in the text, these notes tend to be more explicit than the notes in either Penguin or Hamilton. The introductions and essays vary in quality depending on the editor—some are pretty good, some are downright awful, so this edition is best for the reader who isn’t interested those extra essays. The commendatory verses and dedicatory sonnets are missing, but each volume contains the letter to Raleigh. Each volume has its own introduction (not always sympathetic to the work), bibliography, list of characters, and a glossary of the most commonly used difficult words. This edition has slightly updated spellings: uses of U, V, I, J, and Y are all regularized and some word use standard modern spellings to avoid confusion, e.g. “bee” updated to “be” because it’s the verb, not the insect. [Individual volumes: <a href="https://amzn.to/3rQWGsu" target="_blank">Book 1</a>, <a href="https://amzn.to/3dffu0j" target="_blank">Book 2</a>, <a href="https://amzn.to/3rOCyXO" target="_blank">Books 3 & 4</a>, <a href="https://amzn.to/3tVEyPV" target="_blank">Book 5</a>, <a href="https://amzn.to/3tZDvi6" target="_blank">Book 6 and the Mutability Cantos</a>]<br /></p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-38489737498461135042021-02-02T13:07:00.001-06:002021-02-02T13:07:26.199-06:00Badgers<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSyWV75c9eVNNTpYWORWKYH0HpoDi6EpFuCdaFq1sfd2V5KDjMhhm9V4pswL47h2SHmMPg2VAcod4p-wfwlKGXlKFGFoEiOOdamo3JwPqPxiJRGoQU_s6k8z_7UOSvBeBkmg2JoQ/s1601/Mr+Badger.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1601" data-original-width="780" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSyWV75c9eVNNTpYWORWKYH0HpoDi6EpFuCdaFq1sfd2V5KDjMhhm9V4pswL47h2SHmMPg2VAcod4p-wfwlKGXlKFGFoEiOOdamo3JwPqPxiJRGoQU_s6k8z_7UOSvBeBkmg2JoQ/s320/Mr+Badger.jpeg" /></a></div><p></p><p> “I’m a beast, I am, and a Badger, what’s more. We don’t change. We hold on.” </p><p>This is Trufflehunter in CS Lewis’s <i>Prince Caspian</i>, explaining to Nikabrik the dwarf why they must protect Caspian and restore him to his rightful throne: “Narnia was never right except when a son of Adam was King.” </p><p>Yesterday morning I was listening to Numbers chapter 4 and noticed how often badgers’ skins were mentioned. Over and over, as the tabernacle and its contents are described, it mentions a covering of badgers’ skins—seven times, in fact. </p><p>It’s not an accident that Trufflehunter and Mr Badger (from <i>The Wind in the Willows</i>) are the way they are. They endure. They protect the holy things.</p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-85003295975673900692021-01-26T11:45:00.000-06:002021-01-26T11:45:12.910-06:00Cedars<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcN4wvWG49CAcgj26kJU1y-7F74wRuJYh2gqLzXz6XdC0Q5zC1-Z6Hipd0RvRBDvxhjQ-JFAru1KnaEnHqFfp9S_06e09o1VwwwROrYuhVLDmSTGXR3c4u8qLDx4OE-Nt-rcQfxQ/s1230/fence+posts+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="440" data-original-width="1230" height="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcN4wvWG49CAcgj26kJU1y-7F74wRuJYh2gqLzXz6XdC0Q5zC1-Z6Hipd0RvRBDvxhjQ-JFAru1KnaEnHqFfp9S_06e09o1VwwwROrYuhVLDmSTGXR3c4u8qLDx4OE-Nt-rcQfxQ/w640-h229/fence+posts+2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p> I was reading Leviticus 14 this morning and was struck by the use of cedar wood to be burnt with certain offerings -- specifically those pertaining to being cleansed from leprosy, which is a kind of rot.<br /><br />Here's what I know about cedar -- it's high in oil, which means that it's resistant to rot. You can cut down a cedar tree, lop off its branches, and use it for a fence post without having to cure it, which is why a LOT of old fence posts around pastures are cedar trunks. They'll last a long time just stuck in the ground like that.<br /><br />Also, because of that oil content and how aromatic it is, certain bugs hate it, especially the kinds that get into your clothes and ruin them, like moths. This is why cedar chests are popular for storing sweaters, and if you have the resources for it, a cedar-lined closet is ideal.<br /><br />All this reminds me of the passage that says, "Lay not up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt . . . "<br /><br />Cedar being used the way it is, including in the Temple, seems to point us to the Resurrection where there will be no more death. <br /></p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-9582711873686582252021-01-14T09:25:00.001-06:002021-01-26T11:46:01.073-06:00Winter rest<p> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGnQ5KuRnCIF97_zTd5hx8TF9BoGzyJBGxLFl3jaU8U7VjF9GXVoKzge8AfIXIp9QOp41fioXgrmyyJriFCLj6dJCmUxe0pqJY2_GDgnPtXumQjk44mroIKmSQnx-k7wYuwo4ZzA/s2048/2021+January+14+morning+sky.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1152" data-original-width="2048" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGnQ5KuRnCIF97_zTd5hx8TF9BoGzyJBGxLFl3jaU8U7VjF9GXVoKzge8AfIXIp9QOp41fioXgrmyyJriFCLj6dJCmUxe0pqJY2_GDgnPtXumQjk44mroIKmSQnx-k7wYuwo4ZzA/w640-h360/2021+January+14+morning+sky.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div>I was going to write a beautiful post about the gloriously busy holiday season and the need for rest before I go back to teaching again in February, but I’m too tired. The days are cold, and dark, and dreary. Nature is saying, “Rest,” so I will rest.<br /><p></p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-81807056386163703112020-12-03T19:33:00.002-06:002020-12-03T19:33:28.671-06:00Dappled Things<p> My sweet friend Esther started a blog and named it after the same Gerard Manley Hopkins poem that my blog's title comes from. <a href="https://beautyseenisneverlost.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Check it out!</a></p><p><br /></p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-73520975034546629772020-12-01T09:33:00.002-06:002020-12-01T12:33:08.738-06:00“Goblin Feet”<p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMXToyFRiEBxMDMopwLr_nbvMgYjUnNvt8RHGJajC_GwA8IUc10jBDSFBk5tWKV-O2SjGNP2WsLx7JGVpNpuINvrfYPpQkEons1Xe4zvyr_3uIC9ZTD2fgtPmYhCcbBy8J4NVShg/s884/The+Meeting+of+Oberon+and+Titania.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="555" data-original-width="884" height="402" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMXToyFRiEBxMDMopwLr_nbvMgYjUnNvt8RHGJajC_GwA8IUc10jBDSFBk5tWKV-O2SjGNP2WsLx7JGVpNpuINvrfYPpQkEons1Xe4zvyr_3uIC9ZTD2fgtPmYhCcbBy8J4NVShg/w640-h402/The+Meeting+of+Oberon+and+Titania.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">“The Meeting of Oberon and Titania,” Arthur Rackham (1908)<br /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%27The_Meeting_of_Oberon_and_Titania.jpg" target="_blank">Wikimedia Commons</a><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </p><p>“Goblin Feet”<br />~ J.R.R. Tolkien (1892–1973)<br />
<br />
I am off down the road<br />
Where the fairy lanterns glowed<br />
And the little pretty flitter-mice are flying:<br />
A slender band of gray<br />
It runs creepily away<br />
And the hedges and the grasses are a-sighing.<br />
The air is full of wings,<br />
And of blundery beetle-things<br />
That warn you with their whirring and their humming.<br />
O! I hear the tiny horns<br />
Of enchanted leprechauns<br />
And the padded feet of many gnomes a-coming! <br />
<br />
O! the lights! O! the gleams! O! the little tinkly sounds!<br />
O! the rustle of their noiseless little robes!<br />
O! the echo of their feet—of their happy little feet!<br />
O! their swinging lamps in little starlit globes.<br />
I must follow in their train<br />
Down the crooked fairy lane<br />
Where the coney-rabbits long ago have gone,<br />
And where silvery they sing<br />
In a moving moonlit ring<br />
All a-twinkle with the jewels they have on.<br />
They are fading round the turn<br />
Where the glow-worms palely burn<br />
And the echo of their padding feet is dying!<br />
O! it’s knocking at my heart—<br />
Let me go! O! let me start!<br />
For the little magic hours are all a-flying. <br />
<br />
O! the warmth! O! the hum! O! the colours in the dark!<br />
O! the gauzy wings of golden honey-flies!<br />
O! the music of their feet—of their dancing goblin feet!<br />
O! the magic! O! the sorrow when it dies.<br />
<br />
<br />
~*~ ~*~ ~*~<br />
<br />
Written on 27-28 April 1915, shortly before leaving for the War, for his
future wife who “loved tales of ‘spring and flowers and trees, and
little elfin people.’”<br />
<br />
Obviously this is nothing like his portrayal of elves and goblins that
fans of <i>The Lord of the Rings</i> are familiar with and Tolkien himself
later tried to distance himself from this very Victorian painting of the
little people — in 1971 when he was asked permission to include “Goblin
Feet” in an anthology, he said, “I wish the unhappy little thing,
representing all that I came (so soon after) to fervently dislike, could
be buried for ever.”<br />
<br />
</p><blockquote>Tolkien’s first encounter with fighting was in France, in
the Battle of the Somme, which is remembered as the bloodiest battle
ever fought in history. On the first day of the battle nineteen weeks
before Tolkien arrived, nineteen thousand British troops were killed. By
the time the battle was over more than eight hundred thousand of the
British had been killed.<br />
<br />
[…]<br />
<br />
Tolkien never forgot the brutality and horror of the battle. Many years
later he drew on these memories to create his own lands. The blackened
landscape of Mordor, and the Battle of Helm’s Deep were both based on
The Battle of Somme.</blockquote><br />
(Information and quotes found at the <a href="http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/press/oxfordpoetry1915.htm">Tolkien Library</a>.)<p> ~*~ ~*~ ~*~</p><p>This post <a href="https://badgermum.blogspot.com/2008/04/goblin-feet.html">first published April 17, 2008</a>.</p><p>We watched 1917 (such a good movie!) a few days ago and it has me thinking about that war and especially how it changed the men who fought it. Tolkien was a very different man after the Great War, wasn’t he?<br /></p>Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5144372.post-24297520908647542482020-11-07T18:05:00.001-06:002020-11-07T20:42:42.080-06:00Random thoughts while reading The Divine Comedy<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMiJpn78rcYdBKKsZf2u4im2CmAhT9_RcrYZvHjUF1-Hx81nkDKc2tkGQWMh4SnaVqKRvf-flo4umDbASpESXi3Qt5d3ijvXjdEOw-kYr0LTHFdv8VWliK9yyZwdXmCp1MLutcTQ/s650/Dante+Inferno+13+crop.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="195" data-original-width="650" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMiJpn78rcYdBKKsZf2u4im2CmAhT9_RcrYZvHjUF1-Hx81nkDKc2tkGQWMh4SnaVqKRvf-flo4umDbASpESXi3Qt5d3ijvXjdEOw-kYr0LTHFdv8VWliK9yyZwdXmCp1MLutcTQ/w640-h192/Dante+Inferno+13+crop.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In her
introduction to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hell</i>, Dorothy Sayers
quotes a passage from Dante’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vita Nuova</i>
where he describes how he felt the first time Beatrice ever spoke to him. “Dante
is describing the effect upon him of Beatrice’s ‘salutation’; and it should be remembered
that the Italian word <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">salute</i> means
not only ‘salutation’ but also ‘salvation’.” Think now of how Charlotte greeted
Wilbur in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Charlotte’s Web</i>. “Salutations!” <br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Moving
through the Cantos of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inferno</i>, I got the
distinct impression we were moving through the celestial spheres—or rather
through an infernal reflection of the spheres. That shouldn’t have surprised
me, but it did. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I kept
wondering why this is called a Comedy when it feels more like a Romance, then I
noticed Anthony Esolen’s footnote to I.XVI.129: “For writers of the Middle
Ages, a comedy is a song written in humble style . . . wherein the main
character begins in grief and trouble and ends in happiness.” It’s good to be
aware that terminology has changed over the centuries. </span></p>
Kellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618197716777772631noreply@blogger.com4